INFORMATION WARFARE IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATION THEORY: ATTEMPTED ANALYSIS

Yelyzaveta Borysenko
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Abstract

The modern information age brings changes to all phenomena of human life. For example, the natu re of wars change. They are transferred from the actual battlefield to the information space, i.e. they become hybrid. The winner is the one whose narrative becomes dominant in the global information space. The Russian-Ukrainian war is a vivid example of the latest confrontation. It takes place between two absolutely opposite positions, a compromise between which is impossible. This conflict is deeply existential, because Russia sharply denies the existence of Ukraine as an independent state and as a nation in general. This is evidenced by the rhetoric of the aggressor state and numerous war crimes. However, this war is not only between two sides. By denying Ukraine its existence, Russia is also at war with the values that Ukrainians uphold and on the basis of which they strive to build their own country. And these are the values of the free democratic world. Therefore, Russia opposes not only one country, but all those who also share them. That is why the information war begins to reach far beyond the borders of Ukraine. Already today, we can see the influence of Russia, whose propaganda influences the agenda of many leading Western countries. Using both classic mass media (newspapers, radio, television) and new ones (communities in social networks, bloggers, etc.), it intervenes in the global information space. The Internet only further complicates the dissemination of reliable information and promotes propaganda, because now there is almost no control over the flow of information. Habermas states this problem, noting that everyone is now a potential author without editorial control. Therefore, in conditions where the mass media gravitate towards entertainment and most of the information flows in an uncontrolled stream, there is a war for human minds. That’s why the current situation becomes a challenge for communicative theory, which has learned to make a correct diagnosis, but has not yet offered its option for exiting the crisis. Habermas’ post “War and In dignation” is so far only a testimony to the failure of his philosophy in the face of real challenges. Therefore, modern war is also a direct test for communicative theory, which must either find a way out of its limits or confirm its defeat.
从传播理论看信息战:尝试分析
现代信息时代给人类生活的所有现象都带来了变化。例如,战争的性质发生了变化。战争从现实战场转移到了信息空间,即变成了混合战争。谁的叙事在全球信息空间占据主导地位,谁就是赢家。俄乌战争就是最新对抗的一个生动例子。战争发生在两个绝对对立的立场之间,不可能达成妥协。这场冲突具有深刻的生存意义,因为俄罗斯坚决否认乌克兰作为一个独立国家和一个民族的存在。侵略国的言论和无数战争罪行都证明了这一点。然而,这场战争不仅仅是双方之间的战争。俄罗斯否认乌克兰的存在,同时也是在与乌克兰人所坚持的价值观开战,乌克兰人正是在这些价值观的基础上努力建设自己的国家。而这些正是自由民主世界的价值观。因此,俄罗斯反对的不仅是一个国家,而是所有认同这些价值观的国家。这就是为什么信息战的影响开始远远超出乌克兰的边界。今天,我们已经可以看到俄罗斯的影响力,它的宣传影响了许多西方主要国家的议程。俄罗斯利用传统大众媒体(报纸、广播、电视)和新媒体(社交网络社区、博客等),对全球信息空间进行干预。互联网只会使可靠信息的传播更加复杂,并助长宣传,因为现在对信息流几乎没有任何控制。哈贝马斯指出了这一问题,指出现在每个人都是潜在的作者,不受编辑控制。因此,在大众媒体倾向于娱乐化、大部分信息流不受控制的情况下,就会出现一场争夺人类思想的战争。这就是为什么当前的形势对传播理论提出了挑战,传播理论已经学会了做出正确的诊断,但还没有提出摆脱危机的方案。哈贝马斯的 "战争与尊严 "一文至今只能证明他的哲学在面对现实挑战时的失败。因此,现代战争也是对传播理论的直接考验,传播理论要么必须找到摆脱自身局限的出路,要么必须确认自己的失败。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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