Biochemical indicators used in ecological monitoring of surface waters

V. Vember, Olena Hlushko, Olena Lavrynenko, Sofiia Isniuk
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Abstract

The work is devoted to the search for promising test systems for ecological monitoring of surface waters by comparing the effectiveness of detecting low concentrations of various types of pesticides in the aquatic environment by traditional morphological and biochemical research methods. Allium cepa L. and the hydatophyte plant Elodea canadensis Michx. were used as test objects because it is immersed in the aquatic environment during its entire life cycle and is in the most complete contact with all the toxicants present in the water. It was found that the traditionally used test reactions of plants cannot always reflect a potentially dangerous exceedance of the MPC of toxicants in the aquatic environment. The possibility of using catalase activity as a sensitive bioassay for the presence of low concentrations of herbicides with different mechanisms of action in the water environment was investigated. Correlation analysis has been conducted, and Pearson's coefficients have been calculated to quantify the relationship between the concentration of herbicides present in water and the degree of manifestation of test reactions by the research objects. The highest level of correlation between the increase in the concentration of herbicides in water and the test reactions of elodea was demonstrated by biochemical indicators, and the higher significance of the correlation was observed at 4-day exposure of plants in the presence of the herbicide.
地表水生态监测中使用的生化指标
这项工作的目的是通过比较传统形态学和生物化学研究方法检测水生环境中低浓度各类杀虫剂的效果,为地表水生态监测寻找有前途的测试系统。 薤白(Allium cepa L.)和水生植物 Elodea canadensis Michx.被用作测试对象,因为它们在整个生命周期中都浸泡在水生环境中,与水中存在的所有有毒物质接触最为彻底。 研究发现,传统上使用的植物测试反应并不能总是反映水生环境中有毒物质的 MPC 超标的潜在危险。 研究人员调查了利用过氧化氢酶活性作为灵敏生物测定的可能性,以确定水环境中是否存在具有不同作用机理的低浓度除草剂。 进行了相关分析,并计算了皮尔逊系数,以量化水中除草剂浓度与研究对象试验反应表现程度之间的关系。 生化指标显示,水中除草剂浓度的增加与榆叶梅试验反应之间的相关程度最高,植物在除草剂存在下暴露 4 天后,相关程度更高。
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