Adaptation of British English and American English Borrowings to Autochthonous Languages of Pashto and Dari

Abstract

The article deals with the analysis of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the English language and the American English as a means of global communication in a multicultural community. The aim of the research is to conduct a comprehensive language and cultural analysis of borrowed units from British English and American English into the autochthonous languages of Pashto and Dari, functioning on the territory of Afghanistan, to determine their lexical and phonetic changes in the process of intercultural adaptation. The complex nature of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of Anglicisms in the autochthonous languages of Afghanistan is due to the long process of military operations, on the one hand, and the need to focus on cooperation with European countries at the present stage of development, on the other hand. The specificity of lexical units borrowed from British English and American English, formed under the influence of globalization and the needs of modern Afghan society, is also associated with phonetic changes and linguistic and cultural adaptation of borrowed units which is dictated by the influence of the phonetic system of local languages. The research work is carried out in line with the language and cultural approach and is based on the use of linguistic, cultural and sociological methods. The research uses the methodology of content analysis, narrative analysis, and the method of linguistic reconstruction of culture. As a result of the work, the spheres of social life of Afghans are identified for productive functioning spheres of high-frequency borrowings from English and American English into modern languages of Afghanistan, this process is dictated by the influence of extra linguistic factors, the key of which is economic development and political cooperation in the period of globalization of the world community. Borrowed lexical units are the subject to phonetic and lexical transformation processes which is dictated by the specifics of the autochthonous languages majority Pashto and Dari.