Optimal control of diabetes model with the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemical: an emerging increased diabetes risk factor

Abstract

Diabetes, a persistent pathological condition characterized by disruptions in insulin hormone regulation, has exhibited a noteworthy escalation in its prevalence over recent decades. The surge in incidence is notably associated with the proliferation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which have emerged as primary contributors to the manifestation of insulin resistance and the consequent disruption of beta cell function, ultimately culminating in the onset of diabetes. Consequently, this study endeavors to introduce a model for diabetes that aims to elucidate the ramifications of exposure to EDCs within the diabetic population. In the pursuit of mitigating the deleterious effects of EDC-induced diabetes, we propose a framework for optimal control strategies. The utilization of Pontryagin’s maximum principle serves to explicate the principles governing the optimal control mechanisms within the proposed model. Our findings underscore that heightened concentrations of EDCs play a pivotal role in exacerbating the prevalence of diabetes. To substantiate our model, we employ parameter estimation techniques utilizing a diabetes dataset specific to the demographic context of India. This research contributes valuable insights into the imperative need for proactive measures to regulate and diminish EDC exposure, thereby mitigating the escalating diabetes epidemic.