Spatial Trade-Offs and Synergies between Ecosystem Services in Guangdong Province, China

IF 3.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Land Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI:10.3390/land13010032

Qian Xu, Ying Yang, Ren Yang, Li-Si Zha, Zi-Qing Lin, Shu-Hao Shang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The trade-offs between ecosystem services directly affect the quality of the ecological environment and the survival and development of human society, which is of great concern to academia, governments, and non-governmental organizations. Guangdong Province is a strong economic performer in China; hence, we selected it to explore the trade-off and synergy differences between different ecosystem services, and to investigate the mechanisms of their influence in economically developed regions with a large population density. Our results showed three main points: (1) The ecosystem services in Guangdong Province showed clear spatial heterogeneity. In addition, northern Guangdong has high levels of water retention, with a value of 5804.73 × 104 m3/km2 and high values for carbon sequestration and soil retention. Western Guangdong is a functional area for food production, and the Pearl River Delta is an economically developed region with low levels of ecosystem services. (2) Overall, in Guangdong Province, three pairs of ecosystem services, namely water retention–soil retention, carbon sequestration–water retention, and carbon sequestration–soil retention, showed a strong positive correlation and good synergistic relationships. The other three pairs of relationships show strong trade-off effects. (3) The relationships between similar ecosystem services show completely different characteristics in different regions. Carbon sequestration and water retention, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation, water retention and biodiversity conservation, and soil retention and biodiversity conservation were mainly manifested in high–high synergies, particularly in northern Guangdong; carbon sequestration and soil retention and water retention and soil retention, primarily manifested synergies; carbon sequestration and food production, water retention and food production, and soil retention and food production mainly manifested as trade-off relationships.

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中国广东省生态系统服务的空间权衡与协同效应

生态系统服务之间的权衡直接影响到生态环境的质量和人类社会的生存与发展，受到学术界、政府和非政府组织的高度关注。广东省是中国的经济强省，因此我们选择广东省作为研究对象，探讨不同生态系统服务之间的权衡与协同差异，并研究其在人口密集的经济发达地区的影响机制。我们的研究结果表明了三个要点：（1）广东省的生态系统服务具有明显的空间异质性。此外，粤北地区的水源涵养水平较高，达 5804.73 × 104 m3/km2，固碳和土壤保持水平也较高。粤西是粮食生产功能区，珠江三角洲是经济发达地区，生态系统服务水平较低。(2）总体而言，广东省的保水-保土、固碳-保水、固碳-保土三对生态系统服务呈现出较强的正相关性和良好的协同关系。其他三对关系则表现出较强的权衡效应。(3）同类生态系统服务之间的关系在不同地区表现出完全不同的特点。碳固存与水源涵养、碳固存与生物多样性保护、水源涵养与生物多样性保护、土壤涵养与生物多样性保护主要表现为高协同关系，粤北地区尤为明显；碳固存与土壤涵养、水源涵养与土壤涵养主要表现为协同关系；碳固存与粮食生产、水源涵养与粮食生产、土壤涵养与粮食生产主要表现为权衡关系。

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来源期刊

Land ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES-Nature and Landscape Conservation

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

23.10%

发文量

1927

期刊介绍： Land is an international and cross-disciplinary, peer-reviewed, open access journal of land system science, landscape, soil–sediment–water systems, urban study, land–climate interactions, water–energy–land–food (WELF) nexus, biodiversity research and health nexus, land modelling and data processing, ecosystem services, and multifunctionality and sustainability etc., published monthly online by MDPI. The International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE), European Land-use Institute (ELI), and Landscape Institute (LI) are affiliated with Land, and their members receive a discount on the article processing charge.