Coexistence of Two Species of Bracken (Pteridium) in a Narrow Zone of Range Overlap

Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI:10.1640/0002-8444-113.4.237
Jeffrey Derek Dosdall, Aaron S. David
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Abstract

Abstract. Two closely related bracken (Pteridium) species, P. caudatum and P. aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum, have mostly separate ranges that overlap in Peninsular Florida. Congeneric species that occupy similar niches in distinct geographic ranges but whose native ranges narrowly overlap present an eco-evolutionary conundrum: How can species evolved to occupy similar niches in distinct ranges coexist? Research suggests that for a stable coexistence the species should differ at least subtly in their ecological niches, otherwise their coexistence would be unstable. We investigated whether these bracken species share a habitat and co-occur locally, and whether their coexistence is predicted to be stable. We surveyed bracken populations from seven sites at Archbold Biological Station (Venus, Florida, USA) and characterized their biotic and abiotic microhabitat. Both bracken species co-occur at three sites. The two species showed significantly different trends in canopy cover and in response to fire frequency, and they grew at different densities and biomass. These results suggest these two bracken species coexist stably by occupying distinct ecological niches.
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两种蕨类植物(Pteridium)在狭小的重叠区共存
摘要。两种亲缘关系很近的蕨类植物(Pteridium),P. caudatum 和 P. aquilinum ssp. pseudocaudatum,在佛罗里达半岛的分布区大多是分开的,但也有重叠。同源物种在不同的地理区域占据相似的生态位,但其原生地却狭小重叠,这给生态进化带来了难题:进化到在不同区域占据相似生态位的物种如何共存?研究表明,要想实现稳定共存,物种之间至少应在生态位上存在微妙差异,否则共存将是不稳定的。我们调查了这些蕨类植物物种是否共享一个栖息地并在当地共存,以及它们的共存关系是否稳定。我们调查了阿奇博尔德生物站(美国佛罗里达州金星市)七个地点的蕨类植物种群,并描述了它们的生物和非生物微生境特征。两种蕨类植物同时出现在三个地点。这两种蕨类植物在树冠覆盖率和对火灾频率的反应方面表现出明显不同的趋势,它们的生长密度和生物量也不同。这些结果表明,这两种蕨类植物通过占据不同的生态位而稳定共存。
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