Intensification of high-temperature bottom plates forming

Viktor Demin
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Abstract

The issues of high-temperature forming for the production of elliptical steel beaded bottoms, used in vessels and apparatuses with an internal diameter from 300 to 1800 mm, made of carbon, alloy and ply steels, are viewed. There is information that the authors have been studying this forming process of a workblank with no temperature pattern change. There is also data on examples of tests that allow reducing the thickness difference in the bottom plate from the standard 15 % of relative deformations to 12%. It is shown that the use of a variable temperature pattern will make it possible to increase the extraction coefficient by several times and obtain vessels consisting of two body parts. It is noted that the issue of the influence of changes in the hardening curve when heated on the stability of hot-temperature forming has not been viewed in technical publications yet. The possibility of using the QForm program for the analysis of the stress-strain state for high-temperature forming has been studied. The simulation of the heating of the billet in a gas furnace is carried out. As a result of the calculation, a temperature pattern and a distortion of the shape of the workblank were obtained. Comparison with the experiment revealed good convergence of the results in terms of temperatures and qualitative coincidence of the workblank shape. It is noted that QForm simulates the locations of the places of maximum relative deformations quite well, that is coincident with the results of experimental die forming and theoretical solutions for draw-forming of parts with a spherical bottom. Based on the results of the work, recommendations are given for obtaining bottom plates according to the first class of accuracy, when the maximum relative deformations in thickness should not exceed 4,0 %.
强化高温底板成型
该论文探讨了高温成形用于生产椭圆形钢珠底的问题,这种钢珠底用于内径在 300 至 1800 毫米之间的容器和设备,由碳钢、合金钢和多层钢制成。资料显示,作者一直在研究这种无温度模式变化的工件毛坯成型工艺。此外,还提供了一些试验实例的数据,这些试验允许将底板的厚度差从标准的相对变形 15% 降低到 12%。试验表明,使用可变温度模式可以将萃取系数提高数倍,并获得由两个主体部分组成的容器。需要指出的是,关于加热时硬化曲线的变化对热温成形稳定性的影响问题,目前还没有在技术出版物中看到。研究了使用 QForm 程序分析高温成形应力应变状态的可能性。模拟了在燃气炉中加热钢坯的过程。计算得出了工件坯料的温度模式和形状变形。与实验进行比较后发现,在温度和工件坯料形状的定性一致性方面,结果趋同性很好。我们注意到,QForm 很好地模拟了最大相对变形的位置,这与模具成形实验结果和球形底部零件拉伸成形的理论解决方案相吻合。根据这项工作的结果,给出了按照一级精度获得底板的建议,此时厚度的最大相对变形不应超过 4.0%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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