Basic Conditions for Application of Necessity as a Circumstance that Precludes Bringing to International Legal Responsibility

Yuri Shchokin
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Abstract

The article examines a situation of necessity as a circumstance that precludes bringing to international legal responsibility. The relevance of the article is due, on the one hand, to the growing crises in modern international relations, and on the other hand, the lack of comprehensive studies of necessity in the Ukrainian science of international law. The purpose of the article is to determine the specifics of the international legal grounds for states and international intergovernmental organizations to apply to the state of necessity, as circumstance that precludes bringing to international legal responsibility. The article uses general philosophical, general scientific, special scientific and legal methods of research, in particular: dialectical, formal-logical, analysis and synthesis, comparative-legal, and logical-legal. The article analyzes Art. 25 of the draft articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts prepared by the UN International Law Commission and submitted to the UN General Assembly in 2001 (UNGA resolution 56/83 (A/RES/56/83) of December 12, 2001). The relevant practice of a number of international courts and arbitrations was analyzed, in particular: the International Court of Justice, the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The main conditions for the lawful use of necessity are identified, and a forecast of the areas of its further application is given.
将危急情况作为排除国际法律责任的一种情形的基本条件
文章探讨了危急情况作为一种排除国际法律责任的情形。文章之所以具有现实意义,一方面是因为现代国际关系中的危机日益严重,另一方面是因为乌克兰国际法科学缺乏对危急情况的全面研究。文章的目的是确定国家和政府间国际组织适用危急情况作为排除国际法律责任的情况的国际法律依据的具体内容。文章采用了一般哲学、一般科学、特殊科学和法律研究方法,特别是:辩证法、形式逻辑法、分析与综合法、比较法和逻辑法。文章分析了关于责任的条款草案第 25 条。由联合国国际法委员会起草并于 2001 年提交联合国大会(2001 年 12 月 12 日联合国大会第 56/83 号决议(A/RES/56/83))的国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案第 25 条。对一些国际法院和仲裁机构的相关实践进行了分析,特别是:国际法院、国际投资争端 解决中心、国际海洋法法庭。确定了合法使用危急情况的主要条件,并对其进一步应用的领域作了预测。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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