Tuberculosis epidemic in India – a systematic review

Pranay Deotale, Nitish Mondal
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Abstract

Introduction and aim. India, accounting for approximately 26% of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden with a significant proportion of 0.11 million (6%) pediatric TB cases. The goal of this systematic review paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the TB epidemic in India, including information on the severity of the illness and challenges associated with diagnosis and treatment, the risk factors for transmission and progression of the disease, and the advancements and difficulties encountered in efforts to control at community level. Material and methods. The terms “Tuberculosis in India,” “Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis,” “Tuberculosis and Associated Co-morbidities,” “Diagnosis of Tuberculosis,” “Prevention of Tuberculosis,” and “Treatment of Tuberculosis’’, keywords were used to search in number of international electronic databases, including “Google Scholar,” “PubMed,” and “DOAJ.” Analysis of the literature. Diagnosis and treatment of TB are significantly complicated by co-morbid condition such includes alcoholism, diabetes, HIV, undernutrition, diabetes and HIV. In addition, there may be treatment delays, and the extra-pulmonary or drug-resistant TB due to ignorance, misunderstandings, and lack of education among TB patients, and medical professionals, which ultimately increases morbidity and mortality. Conclusion. Poverty, undernutrition, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and co-morbidities, which frequently complicate TB diagnosis and treatment, must be addressed in addition to the critical need to prioritize TB research and development.
印度结核病疫情--系统回顾
导言和目的。印度约占全球结核病(TB)负担的 26%,其中有 11 万(6%)例儿童结核病患者。本系统综述旨在对印度的结核病疫情进行全面分析,包括疾病的严重程度、诊断和治疗方面的挑战、疾病传播和发展的风险因素、社区一级结核病控制工作的进展和遇到的困难等方面的信息。材料和方法。以 "印度的肺结核"、"耐药性肺结核"、"肺结核及相关并发症"、"肺结核的诊断"、"肺结核的预防 "和 "肺结核的治疗 "为关键词,在 "谷歌学者"、"PubMed "和 "DOAJ "等多个国际电子数据库中进行检索。文献分析。结核病的诊断和治疗因合并症(如酗酒、糖尿病、艾滋病毒、营养不良、糖尿病和艾滋病毒)而变得非常复杂。此外,由于结核病患者和医疗专业人员的无知、误解和缺乏教育,可能会导致治疗延误、肺外结核病或耐药性结核病,最终增加发病率和死亡率。结论贫困、营养不良、医疗保健基础设施不足以及并发症经常使结核病的诊断和治疗复杂化,这些问题必须得到解决,此外,还迫切需要优先开展结核病研究和开发工作。
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