Carl Popper and His Book «The Open Society and Its Enemies»: from Socrates to Marx – the Philosophical Tradition of the Open Society

Q3 Arts and Humanities

Sententiae Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI:10.31649/sent13.02.188

Olexandr Yudin

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Abstract

The given in the article analysis of Popper’s historical and philosophical concept, reconstruction of the genesis of historicistic thinking shows that Popper opposes two traditions in the history of philosophy: 1) the tradition of historisistic philosophy, which includes Plato, Aristotle, Hegel and 2) the tradition critical rationalism which includes Democritus, Socrates, Antisthenes, Schopenhauer, and also Marx. The last one is also called in the article the philosophical tradition of the open society. According to Popper, the necessary component of critical rationalism is the personal moral responsibility of a philosopher for his philosophical statements. The author of the article argues that the concept of historicism is designed not to condemn Marx, but to separate in his doctrine his moral radicalism and social activism from historicistic aspiration to take the History as his ally and, hence, to present him as the defender, but not the enemy of the open society. On the author’s oppinion the concept of historicism is not yet obsolete. With the appropriate specifications it can be useful for the analysis of modern futurologists’ conceptions of postindustrial society.

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卡尔-波普尔及其著作《开放社会及其敌人》：从苏格拉底到马克思--开放社会的哲学传统

文章分析了波普尔的历史哲学概念，重建了历史主义思维的起源，指出波普尔反对哲学史上的两种传统：1）历史主义哲学传统，包括柏拉图、亚里士多德、黑格尔；2）批判理性主义传统，包括德谟克利特、苏格拉底、安提斯泰尼、叔本华以及马克思。最后一种在文章中也被称为开放社会的哲学传统。波普尔认为，批判理性主义的必要组成部分是哲学家对其哲学论述的个人道德责任。文章作者认为，历史主义的概念不是为了谴责马克思，而是为了在马克思的学说中把他的道德激进主义和社会行动主义与历史主义的愿望区分开来，把历史作为他的盟友，从而把他说成是开放社会的捍卫者，而不是敌人。作者认为，历史主义的概念尚未过时。在适当的条件下，它可以用来分析现代未来学家对后工业社会的构想。

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来源期刊

Sententiae Arts and Humanities-Philosophy

CiteScore

0.40

自引率

0.00%

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期刊介绍： Sententiae is historico-philosophical open access journal. Journal created by Modern philosophy''s research group (Pascalian society). Founded in 2000. Published twice a year, in June and December. Our purpose is to foster the development of a wide gamut of contemporary approaches, active implementation of them into research practice, and establishment of high standards of teaching philosophy basing on the achievements of contemporary history of philosophy. Our key priority is to ensure the empirical substantiation of historico-philosophical conceptions, basing on the criteria of literality, exhaustivity, contextuality and taking into account the existing speculative interpretations. Jean-Luc Marion was the first to formulate this set of criteria in 1998 as the main features of contemporary researches of Descartes''s philosophy. We regard these principles as the methodological background of any substantiated research method in the history of philosophy. Publishing materials on all historico-philosophical topics, we pay special attention to researches in terminology, issues of philosophical translation and untranslatability, manuscript researches (including handwritten heritage of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy professors of ХVІІ–ХVІІІ century), and cover the development of large-scale projects in this area. We also publish new bilingual and commented Ukrainian translations of classical foreign philosophical texts. Among our priorities there is also a coverage of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine and other Eastern European countries and its relations to the wider cultural context (theology, literature, natural sciences, political ideology etc). The content of each issue is distributed according to Genre Sections and Thematic Headings. Currently there are 10 Genre Sections.