Modelling of soil destruction process by bulldozer using a spatially oriented working unit

Abstract

The article uses approaches to creating a model for calculating soil cutting forces by spatially oriented working units of construction machines used on construction sites. The use of such a model is due to the need for continuous improvement of existing equipment and the creation of new ones, taking into account the existing needs. Today, there is a need for efficient performance of construction works related to the operation of construction equipment with dumping equipment. This, in turn, poses the task of determining the performance of mechanised earthworks in various working environments, one of the most common in Ukraine being marl clay, loam and argillaceous clay. The main method of mechanical soil development is cutting. The main geometric conditions are the position of the cutting wedge edge relative to the cutting direction and the surface of the massif, the outline of the cutting edge, the outline and number of working surfaces of the cutting wedge, the number of so-called side cut surfaces and the so-called blocked cut surfaces. The peculiarity of the digging process is that its power and energy indicators depend on the kinematic conditions and geometric parameters – thickness, width and area of the cut, as well as on the angles of orientation of the working unit in space. The computational model was created in accordance with the working hypothesis, where the movement of spatially oriented knives moves perpendicular to the blade equipment, at different ratios of the blade movement speed and knife movement, which creates spatial interaction with the working environment, and the deviation of the application of the full cutting force by an angle α. In accordance with the working hypothesis, we obtained five plans for the movement of the spatially oriented blade of the blade. Depending on the plan of movement of the spatially oriented knife, its geometric interaction with the working environment changes and the cutting force changes accordingly. The need to create more productive and efficient earthmoving equipment requires the use of modern design solutions. In the course of the study, a model for calculating the cutting of soils by spatially oriented earthmoving tools in the form of a dihedral knife of dump equipment was created. A comparison of soil cutting forces at different depths during the operation of a spatially oriented working body is also proposed. The results are summarised in the form of tabular data and graphs.