Pascal: «une trace / la trace» in the concept of man in postmodern French philosophy

Q3 Arts and Humanities

Sententiae Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI:10.31649/sent01.01.043

Svitlana Kutsepal

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The article reconstructs the image of man in French postmodern philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century. The formation of this image is considered in relation to Michel Foucault's concept of sciences, as well as to the concept of schizoanalysis formulated by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The author emphasizes that the key features of this image of a man are: (1) objectivity (modern culture makes a man not only a subject but also an object of science; therefore, the subject is presented not as a pure cognitive instance but also as a finite man limited in each specific historical epoch to specific forms of body, needs, and language); (2) emancipation as the content of freedom (a truly free person is seen as having left the sphere of existence as a machine – a set of functions). The author also notes that in the image of man associated with French postmodern philosophy, we can see a "trace" of Pascal's ideas about the duality of man and the impossibility of reducing him to any single aspect of his nature and existence, including rational or animal ones.

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帕斯卡尔法国后现代哲学中人的概念中的 "une trace / la trace"（一个痕迹/一个踪迹

文章重构了二十世纪下半叶法国后现代哲学中的人的形象。文章结合米歇尔-福柯（Michel Foucault）的科学概念以及吉尔-德勒兹（Gilles Deleuze）和费利克斯-瓜塔里（Felix Guattari）提出的精神分裂概念，探讨了这一形象的形成。作者强调，这种人的形象的主要特征是(1) 客观性（现代文化使人不仅成为主体，而且成为科学的客体；因此，主体不是作为一个纯粹的认知实例，而是作为一个有限的人，在每一个特定的历史时代被限制在特定的身体、需求和语言形式中）；(2) 作为自由内容的解放（一个真正自由的人被视为已经离开了作为机器--一套功能--的存在领域）。作者还指出，在与法国后现代哲学相关的人的形象中，我们可以看到帕斯卡尔思想的 "痕迹"，即人的二元性以及不可能将人简化为其本性和存在的任何单一方面，包括理性或动物性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sententiae Arts and Humanities-Philosophy

CiteScore

0.40

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： Sententiae is historico-philosophical open access journal. Journal created by Modern philosophy''s research group (Pascalian society). Founded in 2000. Published twice a year, in June and December. Our purpose is to foster the development of a wide gamut of contemporary approaches, active implementation of them into research practice, and establishment of high standards of teaching philosophy basing on the achievements of contemporary history of philosophy. Our key priority is to ensure the empirical substantiation of historico-philosophical conceptions, basing on the criteria of literality, exhaustivity, contextuality and taking into account the existing speculative interpretations. Jean-Luc Marion was the first to formulate this set of criteria in 1998 as the main features of contemporary researches of Descartes''s philosophy. We regard these principles as the methodological background of any substantiated research method in the history of philosophy. Publishing materials on all historico-philosophical topics, we pay special attention to researches in terminology, issues of philosophical translation and untranslatability, manuscript researches (including handwritten heritage of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy professors of ХVІІ–ХVІІІ century), and cover the development of large-scale projects in this area. We also publish new bilingual and commented Ukrainian translations of classical foreign philosophical texts. Among our priorities there is also a coverage of the history of philosophical thought in Ukraine and other Eastern European countries and its relations to the wider cultural context (theology, literature, natural sciences, political ideology etc). The content of each issue is distributed according to Genre Sections and Thematic Headings. Currently there are 10 Genre Sections.