LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SCENARIOS FOR END-OF-LIFE MANAGEMENT OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FROM SMARTPHONES AND LAPTOPS

IF 1.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Detritus Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI:10.31025/2611-4135/2023.18329

Ana Mariele Domingues, Ricardo Gabbay de Souza, A. R. Ometto, Sandro Donnini Mancini, Flavia Carla dos Santos Martins Padoan, Jose Rocha Andrade da Silva

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Abstract

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a solution to minimise the environmental problems caused by the consumption of natural resources and the generation of hazardous waste. This paper aims to assess the potential environmental impacts and benefits of four scenarios for recycling LIBs from smartphones and laptops using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The methodological approach followed four steps: i) scenario modelling representing the current and future situations of LIBs End-of-Life (EoL) management from smartphones and laptops; ii) estimating smartphones, laptops and respective LIBs waste generation; iii) mapping representative recycling options; and iv) assessment of potential environmental impacts using LCA with 16 ILCD midpoint categories. The results revealed that hydrometallurgical recycling in Brazil could be less harmful than pyrohydrometallurgical recycling in Europe in 12 impact categories. The benefits of recycling are mainly of Co and Ni recovery. Results of scenarios indicate that the more optimistic scenario, which includes expanding Reverse Logistics to 50% of collection, internal recycling to 75%, and reducing of LIBs waste sent to landfills in 44%, had the best environmental performance in all 13 impacts categories. For the Climate change category, scenario 4 presents net environmental benefits of -1.83E+05 kgCO2eq while scenarios 1, 2 and 3 do not present a net environmental benefit. Scenarios assessment shows that more significant environmental benefits are achieved when the formal collection rate is increased, and the less impactful technology option makes the recovery of materials. These results can help decision-makers promote the management and recycling more sustainable of LIBs waste.

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智能手机和笔记本电脑锂离子电池报废管理方案的生命周期评估

回收锂离子电池（LIBs）是一种解决方案，可最大限度地减少因消耗自然资源和产生有害废物而造成的环境问题。本文旨在采用生命周期评估（LCA）方法，评估回收智能手机和笔记本电脑锂离子电池的四种方案对环境的潜在影响和益处。该方法分为四个步骤：i) 模拟智能手机和笔记本电脑锂电池寿命终期（EoL）管理的当前和未来情况；ii) 估算智能手机、笔记本电脑和相应锂电池的废物产生量；iii) 绘制具有代表性的回收方案图；iv) 使用 16 个 ILCD 中点类别的生命周期评估来评估潜在的环境影响。结果显示，在 12 个影响类别中，巴西的湿法冶金回收可能比欧洲的火法冶金回收危害更小。回收利用的益处主要在于钴和镍的回收。各种方案的结果表明，较为乐观的方案（包括将反向物流的收集量扩大到 50%，内部回收利用率达到 75%，将送往垃圾填埋场的惰性金属废料减少 44%）在所有 13 个影响类别中的环境绩效最佳。在气候变化类别中，方案 4 产生的环境净效益为 -1.83E+05 kgCO2eq，而方案 1、2 和 3 没有产生环境净效益。方案评估表明，如果提高正式收集率，并采用影响较小的技术方案进行材料回收，则可实现更显著的环境效益。这些结果可以帮助决策者促进更可持续的惰性气体废物管理和回收。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Detritus ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

23.50%

发文量

审稿时长

15 weeks