{"title":"Investigation of the influence of pulse parameters on the resulting weld seam quality in pulsed electron beam welding of AW 6061","authors":"M. Troise, T. Krichel, S. Olschok, U. Reisgen","doi":"10.1016/j.jajp.2023.100183","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing pulsed lasers in favor of a continuous wave in laser beam welding is a well-established method to achieve higher process efficiency and reduce heat input into the workpiece, which is especially useful for thin-walled workpieces (Steen, 2005). In addition, pulsed processes have shown to lead to smaller grain sizes due to higher cooling rates, which can lead to a reduction in hot cracks in some aluminum alloys (Beiranvand et al., 2019). Since an electron beam can also be pulsed, a technique industrially utilized in electron beam drilling, the same principles apply (Schultz, 2000). However, pulsed electron beam welding is rarely used in industrial welding applications due to the risk of pores, spiking and sputtering resulting from the pulsed process dynamic, especially in the deep welding regime (Kautz, 1991). This study aims to develop a pulsed electron beam welding process for AW 6061 sheet metal, which is susceptible to hot cracking. The influence of the welding and pulse parameters, as well as the combination of a pulsed beam with high frequency beam oscillation is discussed. Furthermore, suitable welding parameters for pulsed electron beam welding of AW 6061 are developed, and the increased efficiency of pulsed welding is shown by comparison to continuous welds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000456/pdfft?md5=a22c4bb526a1baafdf994c889d73e8c4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666330923000456-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666330923000456","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Utilizing pulsed lasers in favor of a continuous wave in laser beam welding is a well-established method to achieve higher process efficiency and reduce heat input into the workpiece, which is especially useful for thin-walled workpieces (Steen, 2005). In addition, pulsed processes have shown to lead to smaller grain sizes due to higher cooling rates, which can lead to a reduction in hot cracks in some aluminum alloys (Beiranvand et al., 2019). Since an electron beam can also be pulsed, a technique industrially utilized in electron beam drilling, the same principles apply (Schultz, 2000). However, pulsed electron beam welding is rarely used in industrial welding applications due to the risk of pores, spiking and sputtering resulting from the pulsed process dynamic, especially in the deep welding regime (Kautz, 1991). This study aims to develop a pulsed electron beam welding process for AW 6061 sheet metal, which is susceptible to hot cracking. The influence of the welding and pulse parameters, as well as the combination of a pulsed beam with high frequency beam oscillation is discussed. Furthermore, suitable welding parameters for pulsed electron beam welding of AW 6061 are developed, and the increased efficiency of pulsed welding is shown by comparison to continuous welds.
在激光束焊接中使用脉冲激光而非连续波激光是一种行之有效的方法,可提高加工效率并减少输入工件的热量,这对薄壁工件尤其有用(Steen,2005 年)。此外,脉冲工艺由于冷却率更高,因此晶粒尺寸更小,这可以减少某些铝合金的热裂纹(Beiranvand 等人,2019 年)。由于电子束也可以是脉冲式的,这种技术在工业上用于电子束钻孔,因此原理相同(Schultz,2000)。然而,脉冲电子束焊接在工业焊接应用中很少使用,因为脉冲过程动态会产生气孔、尖峰和溅射风险,尤其是在深层焊接过程中(Kautz,1991)。本研究旨在为容易产生热裂纹的 AW 6061 金属板开发一种脉冲电子束焊接工艺。研究讨论了焊接和脉冲参数的影响,以及脉冲光束与高频光束振荡的结合。此外,还为 AW 6061 的脉冲电子束焊接制定了合适的焊接参数,并通过与连续焊缝的比较显示了脉冲焊接效率的提高。