Sustainability certification: multiple values of nature coexist in value chain transformations toward a common but differentiated responsibility

Abstract

Sustainability certification narratives are diverse contributing to multiperspective discourses on human–nature value systems. Certification shapes values at the human–nature interface, encompassing instrumental, relational, and intrinsic values. The sustainability certification debate involves four value systems: (1) economic, instrumental value; (2) social, relational value; (3) multiple values of human–nature interactions; and (4) global sustainability values for nature and commons. Despite rich narratives, questions on effectiveness and inclusiveness persist. The effectiveness of certification schemes relies on counterfactuals, and positive impacts occur when embracing inclusivity in supply chains. Accountability at the landscape level aligns with common-but-differentiated responsibility targets. This article reviews multidisciplinary literature on value-for-nature systems, highlighting narrative gaps in sustainability certification’s intended impacts, and providing policy recommendations.