The comparison of the antidiabetic effects of exenatide, empagliflozin, quercetin, and combination of the drugs in type 2 diabetic rats

IF 2.1 4区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI:10.1111/fcp.12975

Yasemin Korkmaz, Burak Dik

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Abstract

Background

Type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that involves extended treatment, is rapidly increasing in humans and animals worldwide.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare monotherapy and combined therapy of exenatide, empagliflozin, and quercetin in 67 Wistar Albino male rats.

Methods

The animals were divided into the following seven groups: healthy control, diabetes control, diabetes + sham, diabetes + exenatide (10 μg/kg), diabetes + empagliflozin (50 mg/kg), diabetes + quercetin (50 mg/kg), and diabetes + combination treatment. The treatments were continued for 8 weeks.

Results

At the end of the experiment, glucose and HbA1c levels decreased with all monotherapy treatments and the combination treatments, while insulin levels increased with exenatide and combined treatments. Adiponectin levels increased with empagliflozin, quercetin, and combined treatments, while leptin levels decreased only with combined treatments. All monotherapies caused an increase in total antioxidant levels. Exenatide and quercetin treatments reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; therewithal, exenatide and combined treatments increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Triglyceride levels decreased in all treatment groups. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level decreased with the combined treatment; on the contrary, the homeostatic model assessment for β-cell activity (HOMA-β) level increased with empagliflozin, exenatide, and combined treatments.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the antidiabetic effects of exenatide were more pronounced than empagliflozin and quercetin, however, the combined treatment had better antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects than monotherapies. Quercetin could be a supportive or food supplement antidiabetic agent. The exenatide treatment can be recommended for monotherapy in type 2 patients, and the combination of empagliflozin, exenatide, and quercetin may be effective in diabetic patients who need combined therapy.

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比较艾塞那肽、恩格列净、槲皮素以及这几种药物的复方制剂对 2 型糖尿病大鼠的抗糖尿病作用。

背景：2型糖尿病是一种需要长期治疗的代谢性疾病，在全球人类和动物中的发病率迅速上升：本研究旨在比较艾塞那肽、恩格列净和槲皮素对67只Wistar Albino雄性大鼠的单药治疗和联合治疗：动物分为以下七组：健康对照组、糖尿病对照组、糖尿病+假治疗组、糖尿病+艾塞那肽（10 μg/kg）组、糖尿病+恩格列净（50 mg/kg）组、糖尿病+槲皮素（50 mg/kg）组、糖尿病+联合治疗组。治疗持续8周：实验结束时，所有单一疗法和联合疗法的血糖和 HbA1c 水平都有所下降，而艾塞那肽和联合疗法的胰岛素水平有所上升。安帕格列净、槲皮素和联合疗法可提高脂联素水平，而只有联合疗法可降低瘦素水平。所有单一疗法都能提高总抗氧化剂水平。艾塞那肽和槲皮素疗法降低了低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平；与此同时，艾塞那肽和联合疗法提高了高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平。所有治疗组的甘油三酯水平均有所下降。胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）水平随着联合治疗而降低；相反，β细胞活性的稳态模型评估（HOMA-β）水平随着恩格列净、艾塞那肽和联合治疗而升高：总之，艾塞那肽的抗糖尿病效果比恩格列净和槲皮素更明显，但联合治疗的抗糖尿病和降血脂效果比单一疗法更好。槲皮素可作为一种辅助或食物补充抗糖尿病药物。对于 2 型糖尿病患者，可推荐使用艾塞那肽单药治疗，而对于需要联合治疗的糖尿病患者，联合使用恩格列净、艾塞那肽和槲皮素可能会有效。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 医学-药学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

6.90%

发文量

111

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology publishes reports describing important and novel developments in fundamental as well as clinical research relevant to drug therapy. Original articles, short communications and reviews are published on all aspects of experimental and clinical pharmacology including: Antimicrobial, Antiviral Agents Autonomic Pharmacology Cardiovascular Pharmacology Cellular Pharmacology Clinical Trials Endocrinopharmacology Gene Therapy Inflammation, Immunopharmacology Lipids, Atherosclerosis Liver and G-I Tract Pharmacology Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics Neuropharmacology Neuropsychopharmacology Oncopharmacology Pediatric Pharmacology Development Pharmacoeconomics Pharmacoepidemiology Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics Pharmacovigilance Pulmonary Pharmacology Receptors, Signal Transduction Renal Pharmacology Thrombosis and Hemostasis Toxicopharmacology Clinical research, including clinical studies and clinical trials, may cover disciplines such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenomics and pharmacoeconomics. Basic research articles from fields such as physiology and molecular biology which contribute to an understanding of drug therapy are also welcomed.