Waterborne parasites in Uganda: A survey in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area

C. Sente, H. Onyuth, A. Tamale, Bob Mali, B. Namara, Jacob Gizamba Mugoya, Andrew Rwot Omara
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Abstract

Pathogenic waterborne protozoa and helminths have the potential to cause infections in vulnerable populations such as children and immunocompromised individuals. Those residing in close proximity to wildlife‐protected areas in sub‐Saharan Africa, who are among the most economically disadvantaged, may have an increased susceptibility to these infections. This study aimed at detecting protozoan trophozoites/cysts, and helminth eggs in environmental and piped tap water (PTW) used by locals and tourists in the Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA) in western Uganda.Water samples were taken from the natural environment and domestic PTW sources. The samples were analysed for helminth eggs, free‐living amoeba (FLA) trophozoites/cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. The parasites were examined under the microscope, after which they were identified and counted. The data was subjected to univariate analysis to compare the prevalence rates across the different sample sites. The variables were summed using the mean and standard error of the mean.The overall prevalence rates of the protozoan parasites, from highest to lowest, were as follows: FLA (56.6%), Cryptosporidium spp. (38.2%), Giardia spp. (36.5%), Eimeria spp. (20.3%) and Paramecium spp. (2.7%). Similarly, helminth parasite prevalence was as follows: Strongyle (38.2%), Ascaris spp. (33.3%), Trematodes (25%), Strongyloides (10.5%), Toxocara spp. (8.3%) and Capillaria spp. (3.2%).The presence of parasites in natural water sources inside QEPA presents a significant hazard for the contamination of domestic water. It is imperative to implement established procedures for enhancing water quality.
乌干达的水媒寄生虫:伊丽莎白女王保护区调查
致病性水传播原生动物和蠕虫有可能导致儿童和免疫力低下者等易感人群受到感染。居住在撒哈拉以南非洲野生动物保护区附近的人属于经济条件最差的人群,可能更容易受到这些感染。本研究旨在检测乌干达西部伊丽莎白女王保护区(QEPA)当地人和游客使用的环境水和自来水(PTW)中的原生动物滋养体/囊蚴和蠕虫卵。对样本中的蠕虫卵、自由生活阿米巴(FLA)滋养体/包囊、隐孢子虫卵囊和贾第鞭毛虫包囊进行了分析。寄生虫在显微镜下进行检查,然后进行鉴定和计数。对数据进行单变量分析,以比较不同采样点的流行率。原生动物寄生虫的总体流行率从高到低依次如下:FLA (56.6%)、隐孢子虫属 (38.2%)、贾第鞭毛虫属 (36.5%)、艾美拉菌属 (20.3%) 和副鞭毛虫属 (2.7%)。同样,蠕虫寄生虫的流行率如下:QEPA 内天然水源中寄生虫的存在对生活用水的污染造成了重大危害。因此,必须执行既定的程序来提高水质。
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