Fish diversity and community structure of a wetland system of the western Mediterranean Basin of Türkiye: Lake Koca (Dalaman)

Nehir Kaymak, Y. Emre, N. Emre, Ş. Akın
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Abstract

Lake Koca (Dalaman), a wetland in the western Mediterranean basin of Türkiye, is an extraordinary lake with salty, fresh, and sulfurous waters and is home to high biodiversity. The present study examines the spatial and seasonal variation in fish communities and assesses the influence of environmental parameters on the community structure of Lake Koca. A total of 1.530 specimens were captured, representing seven families and 11 species (2 non-native, 1 introduced, and 8 native species). Total fish abundance and richness were higher at the littoral than at the limnetic zone, but no seasonal variation was observed. Non-native fish species, Coptodon zillii, was the most abundant in the littoral zone, followed by species of Mugilidae. The abundance of the two endemic fish species (Capoeta aydinensis and Ladigesocypris irideus) was relatively low in both habitats. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness did not vary seasonally and spatially. Fish abundance and richness were significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll-a and macrophyte coverage while negatively correlated with depth. Spearmen’s Correlation analysis revealed that native fish species show a relationship with the chemical parameters of the water, while C. zillii showed a distribution related to depth and macrophyte density. Both anthropogenic activities and the presence of non-native fish may affect the distribution and abundance of endemic fishes.
土耳其西地中海盆地湿地系统的鱼类多样性和群落结构:科卡湖(达拉曼)
科卡湖(达拉曼)是土耳其西部地中海盆地的一个湿地,是一个拥有咸水、淡水和硫磺水的奇特湖泊,也是生物多样性丰富的地方。本研究考察了科卡湖鱼类群落的空间和季节变化,并评估了环境参数对群落结构的影响。共捕获了 1.530 个标本,代表 7 个科 11 个物种(2 个非本地物种、1 个引进物种和 8 个本地物种)。沿岸地区的鱼类总丰度和丰富度均高于湖底地区,但未观察到季节性变化。非本地鱼类物种 Coptodon zillii 在沿岸带数量最多,其次是鲻科鱼类物种。两种特有鱼类(Capoeta aydinensis 和 Ladigesocypris irideus)在两种生境中的数量都相对较少。香农-维纳多样性指数和均匀度在季节和空间上没有变化。鱼类丰度和丰富度与叶绿素 a 和大型底栖生物覆盖率呈显著正相关,而与深度呈负相关。Spearmen's Correlation 分析表明,本地鱼类物种与水的化学参数有关,而 C. zillii 的分布则与深度和大型底栖生物密度有关。人类活动和非本地鱼类的存在都可能影响本地鱼类的分布和数量。
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