A Warming Southern Gulf of Mexico: Reconstruction of Anthropogenic Environmental Changes From a Siderastrea siderea Coral on the Northern Coast of Cuba

IF 3.2 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1029/2023pa004717

M. Harbott, H. C. Wu, H. Kuhnert, C. Jimenez, P. González‐Díaz, T. Rixen

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Abstract

The Gulf of Mexico is a vital region for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), that fuels the exchange of heat between the tropics and the polar regions. A weakening of the AMOC would have dire consequences for the planet. First observations and ocean models show that this process has already started. Very limited knowledge of the components that are part of the AMOC such as the Loop Current (LC) make it difficult to understand its dynamics as well as changes in strength or temperature since the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Currently, there are no continuous in situ sea surface temperature or salinity measurements for the southeastern Gulf of Mexico or reconstruction attempts for this region, showing the necessity for high‐resolution climate archives. A Siderastrea siderea coral core was retrieved from the northwestern Cuban coast and used as a sub‐seasonally resolved sea surface temperature and hydroclimate archive. The approach is based on skeletal δ18O, and trace and minor element contents show an increase in temperature over 160 years since 1845 of 2.6–3.3°C. A possible stagnation of the warming trend set in after the 1980s, indicating a potential weakening of the Loop Current. Impacts in sea surface salinity such as El Niño events in the Pacific region can still be detected in the Gulf of Mexico as decreases in salinity in 1998 from the reconstructed δ18OSW coral record. In situ measurements remain crucial to understand the dynamics in the LC and its influence on the AMOC.

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墨西哥湾南部变暖：从古巴北部海岸的 Siderastrea siderea 珊瑚重建人为环境变化

墨西哥湾是大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）的重要区域，该环流促进了热带地区和极地地区之间的热量交换。AMOC的减弱将给地球带来可怕的后果。首次观测和海洋模型显示，这一过程已经开始。由于对环流（LC）等 AMOC 组成部分的了解非常有限，因此很难了解其动态以及自工业革命开始以来其强度或温度的变化。目前，墨西哥湾东南部没有连续的原地海面温度或盐度测量数据，也没有对这一地区进行重建的尝试，这表明有必要建立高分辨率的气候档案。从古巴西北部海岸提取的 Siderastrea siderea 珊瑚核被用作分季节解析的海面温度和水文气候档案。该方法基于骨骼δ18O、痕量元素和次要元素含量，显示自 1845 年以来的 160 年中温度上升了 2.6-3.3°C 。20 世纪 80 年代后，变暖趋势可能出现停滞，表明环流可能减弱。从重建的 δ18OSW 珊瑚记录中仍然可以检测到 1998 年墨西哥湾盐度的下降，表明太平洋地区的厄尔尼诺事件等对海面盐度的影响。实地测量对于了解 LC 的动态及其对 AMOC 的影响仍然至关重要。

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来源期刊

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

11.40%

发文量

107

期刊介绍： Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (PALO) publishes papers dealing with records of past environments, biota and climate. Understanding of the Earth system as it was in the past requires the employment of a wide range of approaches including marine and lacustrine sedimentology and speleothems; ice sheet formation and flow; stable isotope, trace element, and organic geochemistry; paleontology and molecular paleontology; evolutionary processes; mineralization in organisms; understanding tree-ring formation; seismic stratigraphy; physical, chemical, and biological oceanography; geochemical, climate and earth system modeling, and many others. The scope of this journal is regional to global, rather than local, and includes studies of any geologic age (Precambrian to Quaternary, including modern analogs). Within this framework, papers on the following topics are to be included: chronology, stratigraphy (where relevant to correlation of paleoceanographic events), paleoreconstructions, paleoceanographic modeling, paleocirculation (deep, intermediate, and shallow), paleoclimatology (e.g., paleowinds and cryosphere history), global sediment and geochemical cycles, anoxia, sea level changes and effects, relations between biotic evolution and paleoceanography, biotic crises, paleobiology (e.g., ecology of “microfossils” used in paleoceanography), techniques and approaches in paleoceanographic inferences, and modern paleoceanographic analogs, and quantitative and integrative analysis of coupled ocean-atmosphere-biosphere processes. Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimate studies enable us to use the past in order to gain information on possible future climatic and biotic developments: the past is the key to the future, just as much and maybe more than the present is the key to the past.