Toxicological Impact of Nanoparticles on Reproductive System: A Review

Q4 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
J. Bhardwaj, Vishavjeet Rathee
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The widespread utilization of Nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial, medical, and consumer goods prompted worries about their possible toxicity. Growing concerns towards individual well- being may however impede the widespread use of this intriguing invention. Although people are exposed to nanoparticles from an early age, but it has increased significantly in the past several years owing to anthropogenic sources of these nanoparticles. The consequences of nanoparticles on the male and female reproductive system are addressed in this review. NPs can infiltrate the epithelial barrier, placental barrier, and blood-testis-barrier and then amass in reproductive organs. NPs amassing impairs organs such as the testis, ovaries and uterus via obliterating Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and Germ Cells, exacerbating reproductive system impairment which unduly affects the quality, amount, morphology, and mobility of sperms or decreasing the amount of egg maturation and distress the folliculogenesis mainly primary and secondary follicular development. NPs may also alter secreted hormone levels and induce effects on sexual behavior. These detrimental effects correlate to nanoparticle composition, surface modification, dosage, mode of transmission and animal species. The current review, however, concentrates on nanoparticles induced toxicological issues and their potential toxicity mechanisms such as oxidative damage, apoptosis, inflammation as well as genotoxicity. NPs may enhance inflammatory response, and oxidative stress, and produce ROS damage, which leads to cytotoxicity at both molecular and genetic levels.
纳米颗粒对生殖系统的毒理学影响:综述
纳米粒子(NPs)在工业、医疗和消费品中的广泛应用引发了人们对其可能存在的毒性的担忧。然而,人们对个人健康的日益关注可能会阻碍这一有趣发明的广泛应用。虽然人们从很小的时候就开始接触纳米粒子,但在过去的几年里,由于这些纳米粒子的人为来源,人们接触纳米粒子的机会大大增加。本综述探讨了纳米粒子对男性和女性生殖系统的影响。纳米粒子可渗透上皮屏障、胎盘屏障和血睾屏障,然后聚集在生殖器官中。NPs 聚集在睾丸、卵巢和子宫等器官中,通过吞噬 Leydig 细胞、Sertoli 细胞和生殖细胞,加剧生殖系统的损伤,不当影响精子的质量、数量、形态和流动性,或降低卵子成熟的数量,并使以初级和次级卵泡发育为主的卵泡生成受阻。纳米粒子还可能改变激素分泌水平,并对性行为产生影响。这些有害影响与纳米粒子的成分、表面修饰、剂量、传播方式和动物种类有关。不过,目前的综述集中于纳米粒子诱发的毒理学问题及其潜在的毒性机制,如氧化损伤、细胞凋亡、炎症和基因毒性。纳米粒子可能会增强炎症反应和氧化应激,并产生 ROS 损伤,从而导致分子和基因水平的细胞毒性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Toxicology International
Toxicology International Environmental Science-Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: Toxicology International is a peer-reviewed International Research Journal published bi-annually by the Society of Toxicology, India. The Journal is concerned with various disciplines of Toxicology including man, animals, plants and environment and publishes research, review and general articles besides opinions, comments, news-highlights and letters to editor.
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