Metallogenesis of the Baidi Au-Sb deposit, southwest Guizhou Province, China: mineralogical and geochemical evidence from sulfur-bearing minerals

IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Jun Yan, Yong Xia, Qinping Tan, Zhuojun Xie, Guosong Ji
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Abstract

The Baidi Au-Sb deposit, which contains 8 t of Au and 10,979 Mt of Sb, is a typical and rare paragenetic deposit located in southwestern Guizhou Province, China. Previous studies have focused on individual ores, but have not combined them to identify their paragenetic mechanism or metallogenic regularity. Therefore, we used field investigations, microscopic observations, and in situ analyses to identify the spatial distribution, mineral paragenesis, compositional evolution, and metallogenic material sources of the ore bodies. We also determined the Au and Sb paragenetic characteristics and the metallogenesis of the deposit. The main Au-bearing minerals in the deposit were early (Apy1–2) and late (Apy3) stage arsenopyrites, as well as pre-mineralization (Py1), mineralization (Py2–5), and late mineralization (Py6–7) stage pyrites. The main Sb-bearing minerals were stibnite (Snt), skinnerite, bournonite, and valentinite. The minerals formed in the order of Py1, Py2–3 + Apy1, Py4–5 + Apy2, Snt, and Py6–7 + Apy3. The δ34S values of the arsenopyrites and pyrites ranged from − 5 to 5‰, while those of stibnite were mostly less than − 5‰ in the later mineralization stages. Sulfur was provided by deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, but sedimentary sulfur was added in the later stages. Moreover, the trace elemental contents fluctuated and eventually became similar to those of the sedimentary strata. By comprehensively considering the ores along with the geological characteristics of the deposit, we determined that deep magma provided the Au during ore formation. Later tectonic changes provided Sb from the sedimentary strata, which precipitated along fault expansion areas and produced Au and Sb paragenesis.

中国贵州省西南部白地金锑矿床的成矿作用:含硫矿物提供的矿物学和地球化学证据
白地金锑矿床含金 8 吨,含锑 10,979 万吨,位于中国贵州省西南部,是一个典型而罕见的副成因矿床。以往的研究主要针对单个矿石,但没有将它们结合起来,以确定其副成矿机制或成矿规律。因此,我们采用野外调查、显微观察和原位分析的方法,查明了矿体的空间分布、矿物成因、成分演变和成矿物质来源。我们还确定了矿床的金、锑成矿特征和成矿作用。该矿床的主要含金矿物为早期(Apy1-2)和晚期(Apy3)砷黄铁矿,以及成矿前期(Py1)、成矿期(Py2-5)和成矿晚期(Py6-7)黄铁矿。主要的含锑矿物是锡黄铁矿(Snt)、矽卡岩、褐铁矿和戊铁矿。这些矿物的形成顺序为:Py1、Py2-3 + Apy1、Py4-5 + Apy2、Snt 和 Py6-7 + Apy3。砷黄铁矿和黄铁矿的δ34S值在-5至5‰之间,而闪锌矿的δ34S值在成矿后期大多小于-5‰。硫是由深部岩浆热液提供的,但沉积硫是在后期加入的。此外,微量元素含量也有波动,最终与沉积地层的微量元素含量相近。通过综合考虑矿石和矿床的地质特征,我们确定矿石形成过程中由深部岩浆提供金元素。后来的构造变化提供了沉积地层中的锑,锑沿断层扩展区沉淀,产生了金和锑的副成矿作用。
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来源期刊
Acta Geochimica
Acta Geochimica GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.20%
发文量
1134
期刊介绍: Acta Geochimica serves as the international forum for essential research on geochemistry, the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth‘s crust, its oceans and the entire Solar System, as well as a number of processes including mantle convection, the formation of planets and the origins of granite and basalt. The journal focuses on, but is not limited to the following aspects: • Cosmochemistry • Mantle Geochemistry • Ore-deposit Geochemistry • Organic Geochemistry • Environmental Geochemistry • Computational Geochemistry • Isotope Geochemistry • NanoGeochemistry All research articles published in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review. In addition to original research articles, Acta Geochimica publishes reviews and short communications, aiming to rapidly disseminate the research results of timely interest, and comprehensive reviews of emerging topics in all the areas of geochemistry.
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