Herbicides weed management in changing environmental conditions

Z. Pacanoski, A. Mehmeti
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Elevate CO2 levels in the atmosphere might have prominent effects on weed phenology, consequently changing herbicide performance on weeds. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration increase leaf thickness and reduce stomatal number and conductance potentially reducing the absorption of POST–emergence applied herbicides. From the other side, higher temperature stimulates stomata conductance, reduce the viscosity of epicuticle waxes, thus increasing the penetration and diffusion of herbicides as a result of changes in the composition and the permeability of the cuticle. However, in some circumstances higher temperatures might cause hastened metabolism, which consequently decreases herbicide activity on target plants. In conditions of higher RH, cuticle hydration and stomatal conductance increases, consequently increases the permeability and translocation particularly of hydrophilic herbicides into the leaves. Similar, under higher irradiance, stomata stay open, photosynthetic rate increases consequently increasing absorption, penetration and subsequent phloem translocation of POST–em systemic herbicides in weed tissue. Drought might cause increased cuticle thickness and increased leaf pubescence, with consequent reductions in herbicide absorption into the leaves. Rainfall after POST–emergence herbicides application might reduce their efficiency through washing out. Increased frequency and intensity of precipitation will have a negative effect on absorption, translocation, and activity of PRE–emergence herbicides.
不断变化的环境条件下的除草剂杂草管理
大气中二氧化碳浓度的升高可能会对杂草的物候产生显著影响,从而改变除草剂对杂草的作用。大气中二氧化碳浓度的升高会增加叶片厚度,减少气孔数量和传导率,从而降低对后发芽除草剂的吸收。另一方面,温度升高会刺激气孔传导,降低表皮蜡质的粘度,从而由于角质层成分和渗透性的变化而增加除草剂的渗透和扩散。不过,在某些情况下,较高的温度可能会加速新陈代谢,从而降低除草剂对目标植物的活性。在相对湿度较高的条件下,角质层的水合作用和气孔导度增加,从而提高了亲水性除草剂的渗透性和进入叶片的转运能力。同样,在辐照度较高的情况下,气孔保持开放,光合作用速率增加,从而增加了杂草组织对后em系统除草剂的吸收、渗透和随后的韧皮部转运。干旱可能会导致角质层厚度增加和叶片短柔毛增加,从而减少叶片对除草剂的吸收。施用后萌发除草剂后的降雨可能会冲掉除草剂,从而降低除草效率。降水频率和强度的增加会对萌芽前除草剂的吸收、转移和活性产生负面影响。
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来源期刊
Acta agriculturae Slovenica
Acta agriculturae Slovenica Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all)
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
51
期刊介绍: Acta agriculturae Slovenica is a scientific journal published quarterly by the Agronomy, and the Zootechnical Departments of the Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Source of high quality research from the field of agronomy, zootechnics, applied biology and related fields from Slovenia and other countries.
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