Quantifying the Effects of the National Clean Air Programme on Air Quality Parameters in Chandigarh: A Scientific Assessment

Abstract

Air pollution is a pressing contemporary concern, particularly in urban areas. While various strategies have been deployed to address this issue, the implementation of sector-specific measures has emerged as a pivotal approach. The National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a notable initiative designed to mitigate air pollution, with a specific goal of reducing Particulate Matter (PM) pollution by 20–30% by the year 2024 revised as 40% reduction by 2026. This study delves into the nuanced impact of the NCAP on the air quality characteristics of Chandigarh, focusing on the period between 2021 and 2022. Analysis reveals that concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO exhibited an increase in 2022 compared to 2021. However, the rate of this increase has been constrained due to the targeted implementation of sector-specific actions outlined in the NCAP. These measures encompassed a subsidy scheme for Battery-Operated Vehicles, stringent enforcement of Pollution Under Control Certificates for all vehicles, augmenting the city's green cover, establishing cycle tracks, and promoting their use to reduce emissions from slow-moving vehicular traffic. Nevertheless, the city faces a recurring challenge in the form of stubble burning from neighboring areas, which significantly escalates pollutant concentrations during the winter season, exacerbated by atmospheric stability conditions. In response to these findings, this study proposes micro-level action points designed to enhance the effectiveness of efforts to mitigate PM10 pollution and other pollutants. These recommendations aim to supplement existing strategies, contributing to a more comprehensive approach to address air quality issues in Chandigarh.