Variations In The Genotypic And Phenotypic Characteristics Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) From Students Attending Poultry Farms In Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Stamford Journal of Microbiology Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI:10.3329/sjm.v13i1.70405

A. Ifediora, E. Enya

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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus causes significant epidemiologic and therapeutic challenges with various skin and soft tissue infections, the main forms of disease manifestation. The public health importance of this organism has been heightened by the emergence and spread of species that are resistant to treatment usually referred to as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study was carried out to detect mecA and mecC genes in phenotypically determined MRSA isolates. Nasal swab samples of the subjects were cultured on mannitol salt agar and the isolates were identified as S. aureus using a combined morphological and biochemical characteristic. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was performed using the disk diffusion susceptibility method whilst phenotypic detection of MRSA isolates was by Cefoxitin disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolates using commercial kits. The extracted DNA was subjected to multiplex PCR to amplify the 163-bp and 188-bp fragment of the mecA and mecC genes respectively in a Pielter thermal cycler. The susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates showed that the organisms were highly resistant to Augmentin 29 (93.5%), ceftazidime 18 (58.1%), Streptomycin 19 (76%) whilst high levels of susceptibility were seen for Ofloxacin 27 (87.1%), Levofloxacin 28 (90.3%), and Gentamicin 24 (77.4%). The antibiotic resistance profiles in MRSA isolates were recorded as follows: ciprofloxacin 6 (16.2%), Augmentin 32 (86.4%), erythromycin 13 (35.1%), Ceftazidime 22 (59.4%). Of the 10 MRSA isolates that were subjected to PCR, one isolate was found to harbor the 188-bp of mecC gene whilst mecA was absent from the screened isolates. The detection of mecC MRSA in the present study highlights the diagnostic importance of screening for mecC in mecA negative MRSA. We suggest that surveillance for MRSA should include screening for mecC gene where mecA is not detected in resistant isolates. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2023. Vol. 13, Issue 1, p. 6-10

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尼日利亚阿比亚州乌穆阿希亚家禽养殖场学生耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（Mrsa）基因型和表型特征的变化

金黄色葡萄球菌会引起各种皮肤和软组织感染，这是流行病学和治疗方面的重大挑战，也是疾病的主要表现形式。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的出现和传播加剧了这种病菌在公共卫生方面的重要性。本研究旨在检测表型确定的 MRSA 分离物中的 mecA 和 mecC 基因。受试者的鼻拭子样本经甘露醇盐琼脂培养后，采用形态学和生化综合特征鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌。抗生素敏感性分析采用盘扩散敏感性法，而 MRSA 分离物的表型检测则根据 CLSI 指南采用头孢西丁盘扩散法。使用商业试剂盒从分离物中提取基因组 DNA。提取的 DNA 在皮尔特热循环仪中进行多重 PCR，分别扩增 mecA 和 mecC 基因的 163-bp 和 188-bp 片段。MRSA 分离物的药敏模式显示，这些微生物对奥古斯丁 29 (93.5%)、头孢他啶 18 (58.1%)和链霉素 19 (76%)高度耐药，而对氧氟沙星 27 (87.1%)、左氧氟沙星 28 (90.3%)和庆大霉素 24 (77.4%)高度敏感。MRSA 分离物的抗生素耐药性情况如下：环丙沙星 6 株（16.2%）、奥门汀 32 株（86.4%）、红霉素 13 株（35.1%）、头孢唑肟 22 株（59.4%）。在进行聚合酶链式反应的 10 个 MRSA 分离物中，发现一个分离物含有 188-bp 的 mecC 基因，而在筛选出的分离物中没有发现 mecA。本研究中检测到的 mecC MRSA 突出了在 mecA 阴性 MRSA 中筛查 mecC 的诊断重要性。我们建议，在耐药分离物中未检测到 mecA 的情况下，对 MRSA 的监控应包括对 mecC 基因的筛查。第 13 卷第 1 期第 6-10 页

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Stamford Journal of Microbiology

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