Cancer Vaccines: From an immunology perspective

IF 4.1 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Shania Makker, Charlotte Galley, Clare L. Bennett
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Abstract

The concept of a therapeutic cancer vaccine to activate anti-tumour immunity pre-dates innovations in checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. However, vaccination strategies have yet to show the hoped-for successes in patients, and unanswered questions regarding the underlying immunological mechanisms behind cancer vaccines have hampered translation to clinical practice. Recent advances in our understanding of the potential of tumour mutational burden and neo-antigen-reactive T cells for response to immunotherapy have re-ignited enthusiasm for cancer vaccination strategies, coupled with the development of novel mRNA-based vaccines following successes in prevention of COVID-19. Here we summarise current developments in cancer vaccines and discuss how advances in our comprehension of the cellular interplay in immunotherapy-responsive tumours may inform better design of therapeutic cancer vaccines, with a focus on the role of dendritic cells (DCs) as the orchestrators of anti-tumour immunity. The increasing number of clinical trials and research being funnelled into cancer vaccines has demonstrated the ‘proof-of-principle’, supporting the hypothesis that therapeutic vaccines have potential as an immuno-oncology agent. For efficacious and safe cancer vaccines to be developed, better understanding of the underpinning immunological mechanisms is paramount.
癌症疫苗:从免疫学角度看
激活抗肿瘤免疫力的治疗性癌症疫苗的概念早于检查点阻断免疫疗法的创新。然而,疫苗接种策略尚未在患者身上取得预期的成功,癌症疫苗背后的潜在免疫学机制问题仍未得到解答,这阻碍了疫苗在临床实践中的应用。最近,我们对肿瘤突变负荷和新抗原反应 T 细胞对免疫疗法的潜在反应的认识有了新的进展,这重新点燃了人们对癌症疫苗接种策略的热情,同时,在成功预防 COVID-19 之后,基于 mRNA 的新型疫苗也得到了开发。在此,我们总结了癌症疫苗的当前发展,并讨论了我们对免疫疗法反应性肿瘤中细胞相互作用的理解所取得的进展如何为更好地设计治疗性癌症疫苗提供信息,重点是树突状细胞(DC)作为抗肿瘤免疫协调者的作用。越来越多的临床试验和研究被引入到癌症疫苗中,这证明了 "原理验证",支持了治疗性疫苗作为免疫肿瘤药物具有潜力的假设。要开发出有效、安全的癌症疫苗,就必须更好地了解其背后的免疫机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
0.00%
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审稿时长
7 weeks
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