Vegetation changes along an urbanisation and atmospheric pollution gradient in Mexico

Edmar Meléndez-Jaramillo, Laura Sánchez-Castillo, Ma. Teresa de Jesús Segura Martínez, Uriel Jeshua Sánchez-Reyes
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Abstract

 Green areas are important places for biodiversity conservation within cities, but their vegetation is affected by various anthropogenic factors. This study used an exploratory approach to examine the influence of urbanisation and air pollution-related factors on the indicators for the composition and structure of vegetation in an urban area in northeast Mexico. Based on the spatial analysis of the major air pollutants, four sampling categories were delimited (rural, low, moderate and high urbanisation). The differences between categories, based on vegetation structure, were determined using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Importance Value was calculated for the species. The floristic similarity was compared using NMDS and PERMANOVA unidirectional. The relationship between environmental variables and abundance of species was evaluated using CCA. One hundred and ten plant species were collected, including ten alien species. The highest abundance and species richness were registered in the rural site. The general tendency of vegetation structure is to plants decreasing with respect to the increase in the levels of urbanisation and air pollution present in the study area. The association between the environmental variables and plant communities along the urbanisation gradient was significant, being the relative humidity, the particles lower than 2.5 μm, the dew point and the heat index as the most important variables. The understanding of the nature and variability of vegetation within green areas contributes to increasing our knowledge about the distribution of the environmental services they provide and the composition of the faunal communities that depend on them. For this reason, this study relates the plants of a specific area of northeast Mexico with the environmental quality present in an urban area.
墨西哥沿城市化和大气污染梯度的植被变化
绿地是保护城市生物多样性的重要场所,但其植被受到各种人为因素的影响。本研究采用探索性方法,研究城市化和空气污染相关因素对墨西哥东北部城市地区植被组成和结构指标的影响。根据对主要空气污染物的空间分析,划分了四个采样类别(农村、低度、中度和高度城市化)。使用非参数 Kruskal-Wallis 检验确定了不同类别之间植被结构的差异。计算了物种的重要性值。使用 NMDS 和 PERMANOVA 单向比较了植物相似性。采用 CCA 方法评估了环境变量与物种丰度之间的关系。共收集到 110 个植物物种,包括 10 个外来物种。农村地区的物种丰度和丰富度最高。植被结构的总体趋势是,随着研究区域城市化水平和空气污染程度的增加,植物数量减少。沿城市化梯度的环境变量与植物群落之间的关系非常显著,相对湿度、小于 2.5 μm 的颗粒物、露点和热指数是最重要的变量。了解绿地内植被的性质和变化,有助于增加我们对植被所提供的环境服务分布以及依赖植被的动物群落组成的了解。因此,本研究将墨西哥东北部特定地区的植物与城市地区的环境质量联系起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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