Exploring the Conductivity, Solubility, and thermodynamic properties of sulfonated waste styrofoam through experimental and theoretical studies

IF 2.2 3区工程技术 Q3 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI:10.1016/j.jct.2023.107232

Vennila Srinivasan , Sumalatha Vasam , Sankar Govindarajan

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Abstract

In this work, sulfonated WPS (SWPS) was synthesized using concentrated sulfuric acid (Con. H₂SO₄) at various concentrations (0.01–0.05 mol.dm⁻³) and temperatures (313 K, 333 K, and 353 K) and the structure was confirmed by various analytical techniques. The degree of sulfonation (DS) values was determined using cation exchange capacity (CEC), ¹H NMR, and UV–visible spectroscopy, and to investigate the influence of temperature and various concentration of H₂SO₄ during the sulfonation reaction. The conductivity of the SWPS was calculated and found to range from 0.23 × 10⁻⁶ S.cm⁻¹ to 40.2 × 10⁻⁶ S.cm⁻¹. The theoretical solubility parameters of SWPS were determined and compared with experimental values. Using Frenkel-Erying equation, Thermodynamic parameters of SWPS was calculated and also evaluated the correlation between the intrinsic viscosity (η) and viscous flow activation free energy (ΔG_v). Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the sulfonation reaction of WPS and the potential applications of SWPS as a functional material.

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通过实验和理论研究探索磺化废发泡胶的导电性、溶解性和热力学特性

本研究使用不同浓度（0.01-0.05 mol.dm-3）和温度（313 K、333 K 和 353 K）的浓硫酸（Con. H2SO4）合成了磺化 WPS（SWPS），并通过各种分析技术确认了其结构。利用阳离子交换容量（CEC）、1H NMR 和紫外可见光谱测定了磺化度（DS）值，并研究了磺化反应过程中温度和不同浓度 H2SO4 的影响。计算发现 SWPS 的电导率范围为 0.23 × 10-6 S.cm-1 至 40.2 × 10-6 S.cm-1。确定了 SWPS 的理论溶解度参数，并与实验值进行了比较。利用 Frenkel-Erying 方程计算了 SWPS 的热力学参数，并评估了固有粘度 (η) 与粘流活化自由能 (ΔGv) 之间的相关性。我们的研究结果有助于更好地理解 WPS 的磺化反应以及 SWPS 作为功能材料的潜在应用。

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来源期刊

Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 工程技术-热力学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

15.40%

发文量

199

审稿时长

79 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics exists primarily for dissemination of significant new knowledge in experimental equilibrium thermodynamics and transport properties of chemical systems. The defining attributes of The Journal are the quality and relevance of the papers published. The Journal publishes work relating to gases, liquids, solids, polymers, mixtures, solutions and interfaces. Studies on systems with variability, such as biological or bio-based materials, gas hydrates, among others, will also be considered provided these are well characterized and reproducible where possible. Experimental methods should be described in sufficient detail to allow critical assessment of the accuracy claimed. Authors are encouraged to provide physical or chemical interpretations of the results. Articles can contain modelling sections providing representations of data or molecular insights into the properties or transformations studied. Theoretical papers on chemical thermodynamics using molecular theory or modelling are also considered. The Journal welcomes review articles in the field of chemical thermodynamics but prospective authors should first consult one of the Editors concerning the suitability of the proposed review. Contributions of a routine nature or reporting on uncharacterised materials are not accepted.