{"title":"Longevity hedge effectiveness using socioeconomic indices","authors":"Malene Kallestrup-Lamb , Nicolai Søgaard Laursen","doi":"10.1016/j.insmatheco.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper evaluates socioeconomic basis risk in longevity hedging. Using data for a full population stratified into socioeconomic groups, we explore the benefits and costs of two alternative hedging strategies, with and without basis risk, in the capital market. The benefit of the longevity hedge is represented by the risk reduction in the variability of a life annuity, whereas the cost is the notional amount of hedging contracts times the actuarial risk premium. We find that hedging is more cost-effective for the annuity provider when basis risk is eliminated. Moreover, it allows for a higher degree of hedge effectiveness at a cost that is equivalent to a hedge where basis risk is present. Finally, the yearly expenses related to hedging longevity risk require, at most, an extra added rate of return of no more than 0.16%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54974,"journal":{"name":"Insurance Mathematics & Economics","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668723001026/pdfft?md5=b80c9c2adba5388fc774c9b6cd988249&pid=1-s2.0-S0167668723001026-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Insurance Mathematics & Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668723001026","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
This paper evaluates socioeconomic basis risk in longevity hedging. Using data for a full population stratified into socioeconomic groups, we explore the benefits and costs of two alternative hedging strategies, with and without basis risk, in the capital market. The benefit of the longevity hedge is represented by the risk reduction in the variability of a life annuity, whereas the cost is the notional amount of hedging contracts times the actuarial risk premium. We find that hedging is more cost-effective for the annuity provider when basis risk is eliminated. Moreover, it allows for a higher degree of hedge effectiveness at a cost that is equivalent to a hedge where basis risk is present. Finally, the yearly expenses related to hedging longevity risk require, at most, an extra added rate of return of no more than 0.16%.
期刊介绍：
Insurance: Mathematics and Economics publishes leading research spanning all fields of actuarial science research. It appears six times per year and is the largest journal in actuarial science research around the world.
Insurance: Mathematics and Economics is an international academic journal that aims to strengthen the communication between individuals and groups who develop and apply research results in actuarial science. The journal feels a particular obligation to facilitate closer cooperation between those who conduct research in insurance mathematics and quantitative insurance economics, and practicing actuaries who are interested in the implementation of the results. To this purpose, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics publishes high-quality articles of broad international interest, concerned with either the theory of insurance mathematics and quantitative insurance economics or the inventive application of it, including empirical or experimental results. Articles that combine several of these aspects are particularly considered.
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