Bioprinted in vitro tissue models: an emerging platform for developing therapeutic interventions and disease modelling

Nandana Bhardwaj, Souradeep Dey, Bibrita Bhar, Biman B Mandal
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Abstract

In the past decade, the use of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology for the development of in vitro tissue models has attracted a great deal of attention. This is due to its remarkable precision in constructing different functional tissues and organs, enabling studies of their biology. In addition, this high-throughput technology has been extended to therapeutics, as it provides an alternative functional platform for rapid drug screening and disease modelling. Functional tissue models fabricated using 3D bioprinting mimic native tissues and help in the development of platforms for personalized drug screening and disease modelling due to their high throughput and ease of customization. Moreover, bioprinted 3D tissue models mimic native tissues more closely and provide added advantages over earlier conventional tissue models, such as monoculture, co-culture, explants, etc. In this context, this review article provides an overview of different bioprinted in vitro tissue models of skin, bone, neural tissue, vascular tissue, cartilage, liver and cardiac tissue. This article explores advancements and innovations in these models in terms of developing improved therapeutic interventions. Herein, we provide an insight into the development of different bioprinted tissue models for applications in drug screening and disease modelling. The needs and advantages of bioprinted tissue models as compared with conventional in vitro models are discussed. Furthermore, the different biomaterials, cell sources and bioprinting techniques used to develop tissue models are briefly reviewed. Thereafter, different bioprinted tissue models, namely skin, liver, vascular, cardiac, cartilage, bone and neural tissue, are discussed in detail with a special emphasis on drug screening and disease modelling. Finally, challenges and future prospects are highlighted and discussed. Taken together, this review highlights the different approaches and strategies used for the development of different 3D bioprinted in vitro tissue models for improved therapeutic interventions.
生物打印体外组织模型:开发治疗干预和疾病建模的新兴平台
在过去十年中,利用三维(3D)生物打印技术开发体外组织模型引起了广泛关注。这得益于三维生物打印技术在构建不同功能组织和器官方面的卓越精确性,从而能够对其生物学特性进行研究。此外,这种高通量技术还被扩展到治疗领域,因为它为快速药物筛选和疾病建模提供了另一种功能平台。利用三维生物打印技术制作的功能组织模型可模仿原生组织,由于其高通量和易于定制,有助于开发个性化药物筛选和疾病建模平台。此外,生物打印三维组织模型更接近原生组织,与早期的单培养、共培养、外植体等传统组织模型相比具有更多优势。在此背景下,这篇综述文章概述了皮肤、骨骼、神经组织、血管组织、软骨、肝脏和心脏组织等不同的生物打印体外组织模型。本文探讨了这些模型在改进治疗干预方面的进步和创新。在此,我们将深入探讨不同生物打印组织模型在药物筛选和疾病建模中的应用。与传统的体外模型相比,我们讨论了生物打印组织模型的需求和优势。此外,还简要回顾了用于开发组织模型的不同生物材料、细胞来源和生物打印技术。随后,详细讨论了不同的生物打印组织模型,即皮肤、肝脏、血管、心脏、软骨、骨骼和神经组织,并特别强调了药物筛选和疾病建模。最后,重点讨论了面临的挑战和未来前景。综上所述,本综述重点介绍了用于开发不同三维生物打印体外组织模型的不同方法和策略,以改进治疗干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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