SOIL Engineering: Modern Challenges and Development Prospects

N. O. Kovaleva, I. V. Kovalev
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Abstract

The emergence of private ownership of land and the urgent needs of the developing practice of land use require a rethinking of some existing fundamental paradigms and the search for new technologies in the relationship between man and nature, as well as, for this purpose, the creation of new sections of knowledge. New ways of developing the surrounding landscape environment are not enough and the methods offered by traditional disciplines. Construction norms and rules need to be clarified for anthropogenically modified soils and soils. Soil engineering is a field of knowledge that studies the engineering properties of the soil and the possibility of using them for the design and construction of soil-engineering structures in the soil and soil structures designed to solve specific soil-engineering problems of environmental management and develop environmentally friendly engineering technologies for managing the properties of soils and landscapes. Such technologies are in urgent demand today in low-rise, communal, landscape, landscape gardening, agricultural, hydrological, forestry, urban, etc., construction. The objects of soil engineering are soil-engineering structures and soil structures of various scales (from pedon to soil cover) created in natural and anthropogenically modified soils. Soil-engineering structures mean a soil–technical complex that preserves or creates the basis for the sustainable existence of the natural environment. All soil-engineering structures can be divided into inert structures (foundations, pipelines, road surfaces) and structures interacting with the soil (wells, filtration fields, reservoirs, drainage and irrigation systems). Soil and landscape engineering is an integral part of environmental engineering, which is rapidly developing. Technologies of soil and landscape engineering have been one of the main driving forces of the progress of civilization throughout the existence of humanity, and they reached their peak in the Russian estate culture of the 19th century. However, the new socio-economic phenomenon the “modern Russian estate” needs to be studied and norms and rules developed for organizing its interaction with the natural environment, which in many respects is similar to the influence of garden construction and is very similar to the influence of a city in space and time.

土壤工程学:现代挑战与发展前景
摘要土地私有制的出现和土地利用实践发展的迫切需要,要求对现有的一些基本范式进行反思,在人与自然的关系中寻求新的技术,并为此创造新的知识领域。开发周边景观环境的新途径不足,传统学科提供的方法不足。人为改造土壤和土壤的施工规范和规则需要明确。土壤工程是一个知识领域,研究土壤的工程特性和利用它们在土壤和土壤结构中设计和建造土壤工程结构的可能性,旨在解决环境管理的具体土壤工程问题,并开发环境友好的工程技术来管理土壤和景观的特性。这些技术在当今低层、公共、园林、园林、农业、水文、林业、城市等建筑领域都急需。土壤工程的研究对象是在自然和人为改良的土壤中形成的土壤工程结构和各种尺度(从土墩到覆盖层)的土壤结构。土壤工程结构是指保护或创造自然环境可持续存在基础的土壤技术复合体。所有的土工结构都可以分为惰性结构(地基、管道、路面)和与土壤相互作用的结构(井、过滤场、水库、排水和灌溉系统)。土壤与景观工程是环境工程的一个重要组成部分,正在迅速发展。土壤与景观工程技术是人类存在以来推动文明进步的主要动力之一,在19世纪的俄罗斯庄园文化中达到了顶峰。然而,需要对“现代俄罗斯庄园”这一新的社会经济现象进行研究,并制定规范和规则来组织其与自然环境的互动,这在许多方面类似于园林建设的影响,也非常类似于城市在空间和时间上的影响。
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