Evaluation of Foveal Avascular Zone After Strabismic and Anisometropic Amblyopia Therapy in Saudi Children Using Optic Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Cohort Study

Abstract

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) noninvasively images retinal microvasculature. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) biomarkers can act as indicators of various forms of amblyopia, making them valuable tools for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of amblyopia therapy on the FAZ using OCTA to determine FAZ size in children with untreated amblyopia. Patients and Methods: This two-arm cohort study enrolled 23 children with untreated strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia who underwent OCTA between 2021–2022. Each arm had 23 eyes, with one arm having amblyopic eyes and the other having normal eyes. FAZ area, perimeter, and circularity index were measured before and quarterly during 1 year of occlusion therapy. Differences in avascular zone biomarkers between amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared and linked to demographic and ocular factors. Results