Economic Ideology in Indian Politics: Why Do Elite and Mass Politics Differ?

IF 0.3 Q4 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Rahul Verma, Pradeep K. Chhibber
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A long line of scholarship has argued that ideological division structures party politics in many parts of the world. In India, however, there is a long-held consensus that the parties do not sort themselves ideologically, especially regarding economic policymaking. The paper analyses National Election Studies data between 1996 and 2019 by Lokniti-CSDS, and shows that voters cluster around the centre-left position on economic issues. Nevertheless, there are discernible ideological differences among the party members. The Bhartiya Janata Party members are more likely to favour privatisation, and members of Left parties prefer labour rights. These ideological differences are also evident in our analysis of the manifestos of political parties since 1952 and an expert survey conducted in 2022. We argue that these elite differences in economic policy do not translate into mass politics because all political parties present the State as the solution to economic deprivation. The rise of welfare populism in Indian politics in the past two decades, we suggest, is a result of centralisation within political parties in which the welfare promises are directly linked to the party leaders.
印度政治中的经济意识形态:精英政治与大众政治为何不同?
许多学者认为,意识形态的分歧构成了世界上许多地方的政党政治。然而,在印度,有一个长期的共识,即各政党不会在意识形态上对自己进行分类,尤其是在经济政策制定方面。该论文分析了Lokniti-CSDS在1996年至2019年期间的全国选举研究数据,并表明选民在经济问题上聚集在中左翼立场。然而,党员之间存在着明显的意识形态差异。印度人民党(Bhartiya Janata Party)的成员更倾向于私有化,而左翼政党的成员更倾向于劳工权利。在我们对1952年以来各政党宣言的分析和2022年进行的一项专家调查中,这些意识形态差异也很明显。我们认为,这些精英阶层在经济政策上的差异不会转化为大众政治,因为所有政党都把国家说成是解决经济剥夺的办法。我们认为,过去二十年来印度政治中福利民粹主义的兴起是政党内部集权的结果,在这些政党中,福利承诺直接与政党领导人联系在一起。
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来源期刊
Studies in Indian Politics
Studies in Indian Politics POLITICAL SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
20.00%
发文量
17
期刊介绍: SIP will publish research writings that seek to explain different aspects of Indian politics. The Journal adopts a multi-method approach and will publish articles based on primary data in the qualitative and quantitative traditions, archival research, interpretation of texts and documents, and secondary data. The Journal will cover a wide variety of sub-fields in politics, such as political ideas and thought in India, political institutions and processes, Indian democracy and politics in a comparative perspective particularly with reference to the global South and South Asia, India in world affairs, and public policies. While such a scope will make it accessible to a large number of readers, keeping India at the centre of the focus will make it target-specific.
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