High-resolution X-ray fluorescence-based provenance mapping of Eocene fluvial distributary fans that fed ancient Gosiute Lake, Wyoming, USA

IF 3.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
M.E. Smith, H. Gregorich, L. Gipson, R.C. Krueger, A.R. Carroll, E.C. Parrish, A.P. Walters, S. Honig, C. Schwaderer, S. Meyers, B.S. Singer, T.K. Lowenstein, W. Arnuk
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Abstract

The Green River Formation of Wyoming, USA, is host to the world’s largest known lacustrine sodium carbonate deposits, which accumulated in a closed basin during the early Eocene greenhouse. Alkaline brines are hypothesized to have been delivered to ancient Gosiute Lake by the Aspen paleoriver that flowed from the Colorado Mineral Belt. To precisely trace fluvial provenance in the resulting deposits, we conducted X-ray fluorescence analyses and petrographic studies across a suite of well-dated sandstone marker beds of the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation. Principal component analysis reveals strong correlation among elemental abundances, grain composition, and sedimentary lithofacies. To isolate a detrital signal, elements least affected by authigenic minerals, weathering, and other processes were included in a principal component analysis, the results of which are consistent with petrographic sandstone modes and detrital zircon chronofacies of the basin. Sandstone marker beds formed during eccentricity-paced lacustrine lowstands and record the migration of fluvial distributary channel networks from multiple catchments around a migrating depocenter, including two major paleorivers. The depositional topography of these convergent fluvial fans would have inversely defined bathymetric lows during subsequent phases of lacustrine inundation, locations where trona could accumulate below a thermocline. Provenance mapping verifies fluvial connectivity to the Aspen paleoriver and to sources of alkalinity in the Colorado Mineral Belt across Wilkins Peak Member deposition, and shows that the greatest volumes of sediment were delivered from the Aspen paleoriver during deposition of marker beds A, B, D, and I, each of which were deposited coincident with prominent “hyperthermal” isotopic excursions documented in oceanic cores.
基于高分辨率 X 射线荧光的美国怀俄明州古高西乌特湖始新世河流集水扇出处绘图
美国怀俄明州的绿河组是世界上已知最大的湖相碳酸钠矿床的所在地,该矿床在始新世早期的一个封闭盆地中积累。据推测,碱性盐水是由来自科罗拉多矿带的阿斯彭古河流输送到古戈斯特湖的。为了精确地追踪沉积物中的河流物源,我们对绿河组威尔金斯峰成员的一系列年代确定的砂岩标志层进行了x射线荧光分析和岩石学研究。主成分分析表明,元素丰度、颗粒组成与沉积岩相具有较强的相关性。为了分离出碎屑信号,对受自生矿物、风化等作用影响最小的元素进行了主成分分析,结果与盆地岩相砂岩模式和碎屑锆石年代相一致。砂岩标志层形成于偏心率湖低地,记录了一个迁移沉积中心周围多个集水区的河流分流河道网络的迁移,包括两条主要的古河流。在随后的湖泊淹没阶段,这些汇聚的河流扇的沉积地形会相反地定义水深低点,在这些地方,强子可能积聚在温跃层以下。物源图证实了河流与阿斯彭古河流的连通性,以及科罗拉多矿带中穿过威尔金斯峰段沉积的碱性来源,并表明在标志层A、B、D和I沉积期间,阿斯彭古河流的沉积物量最大,每一层沉积都与海洋岩心中记录的突出的“过热”同位素漂移相吻合。
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来源期刊
Geological Society of America Bulletin
Geological Society of America Bulletin 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
8.20%
发文量
159
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The GSA Bulletin is the Society''s premier scholarly journal, published continuously since 1890. Its first editor was William John (WJ) McGee, who was responsible for establishing much of its original style and format. Fully refereed, each bimonthly issue includes 16-20 papers focusing on the most definitive, timely, and classic-style research in all earth-science disciplines. The Bulletin welcomes most contributions that are data-rich, mature studies of broad interest (i.e., of interest to more than one sub-discipline of earth science) and of lasting, archival quality. These include (but are not limited to) studies related to tectonics, structural geology, geochemistry, geophysics, hydrogeology, marine geology, paleoclimatology, planetary geology, quaternary geology/geomorphology, sedimentary geology, stratigraphy, and volcanology. The journal is committed to further developing both the scope of its content and its international profile so that it publishes the most current earth science research that will be of wide interest to geoscientists.
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