Characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and differences between +CG and −CG strokes in China regarding the China National Lightning Detection Network

IF 4.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
R. Jiang, Guoping Zhang, Shudong Wang, Bing Xue, Zhengshuai Xie, Tingzhao Yu, Kuoyin Wang, Jin Ding, Xiaoxiang Zhu
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Abstract

Abstract. A lightning location system consisting of multiple ground-based stations is an effective means of lightning observation. The dataset from CNLDN (China National Lightning Detection Network) in 2016–2022 is employed to analyze the temporal and spatial lightning distributions and the differences between +CG (positive cloud-to-ground lightning) and −CG (negative cloud-to-ground lightning) strokes in China. On the annual scale, lightning activity is most prevalent during the summer months (June, July, and August), accounting for 72.6 % of the year. Spring sees more lightning than autumn, and winter has only a small amount in southeastern coastal areas. During the day, the frequency of lightning peaks at 15:00–17:00 CST (China standard time) and is lowest at 8:00–10:00 CST. For the period with high CG stroke frequency (summer of a year or afternoon of a day), the proportion of +CG strokes and the discharge peak current are relatively small. Winter in a year and morning or midnight in a day correspond to a greater +CG stroke proportion and discharge current. Spatially, low latitudes, undulating terrain, the seaside, and humid surfaces are favorable factors for lightning occurrence. Thus, the southeast coastland has the largest lightning stroke density, while the northwest deserts and basins and the western and northern Tibetan Plateau, with altitudes over 6000 m, have almost no lightning. The proportion of +CG strokes and the peak current are low in the southern region with high density but diverse in other regions. The Tibetan Plateau causes the diversity of lightning activity in China and lays the foundation for studying the impact of surface elevation on lightning. Results indicate that the +CG stroke proportion on the eastern and southern Tibetan Plateau is up to 15 %, larger than the plain regions. The peak current of −CG strokes is positively correlated with altitude, but +CG strokes show a negative correlation, resulting in a large difference in peak current between +CG and −CG on the plain and a small difference on the plateau.
中国国家雷电探测网络的云到地闪电(CG)特征及+CG和-CG闪电的差异
摘要。由多个地面站组成的闪电定位系统是一种有效的闪电观测手段。利用CNLDN(中国国家闪电探测网)2016-2022年的数据,分析了中国闪电的时空分布以及+CG(正云对地闪电)和- CG(负云对地闪电)的差异。在全年范围内,闪电活动在夏季(6、7、8月)最为频繁,占全年的72.6%。春天比秋天有更多的闪电,而东南部沿海地区的冬季只有很少的闪电。白天,闪电频率在15:00-17:00(中国标准时间)达到峰值,在8:00-10:00(中国标准时间)达到最低。在CG冲程频率较高的时间段(一年中的夏季或一天中的下午),+CG冲程的比例和放电峰值电流相对较小。一年中的冬季和一天中的早晨或午夜对应较大的+CG冲程比例和放电电流。在空间上,低纬度、起伏地形、海边和潮湿地表是闪电发生的有利因素。因此,东南沿海地区雷击密度最大,而西北沙漠和盆地以及青藏高原西部和北部海拔在6000 m以上的地区几乎没有雷击。在高密度的南部地区+CG冲程和峰值电流的比例较低,而在其他地区则不同。青藏高原造成了中国闪电活动的多样性,为研究地表高程对闪电的影响奠定了基础。结果表明,青藏高原东部和南部+CG冲程比例高达15%,大于平原地区。−CG冲程的峰值电流与海拔高度呈正相关,而+CG冲程的峰值电流与海拔高度呈负相关,导致平原+CG和−CG的峰值电流差异较大,高原的峰值电流差异较小。
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来源期刊
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
6.50%
发文量
192
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS) is an interdisciplinary and international journal dedicated to the public discussion and open-access publication of high-quality studies and original research on natural hazards and their consequences. Embracing a holistic Earth system science approach, NHESS serves a wide and diverse community of research scientists, practitioners, and decision makers concerned with detection of natural hazards, monitoring and modelling, vulnerability and risk assessment, and the design and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies, including economical, societal, and educational aspects.
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