R. Wang, An-Na Shi, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Min Liu, K. C. Jandér, Derek W Dunn
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Although understanding mutualism stability has advanced over the last few decades, two fundamental problems still remain in explaining how mutualisms maintain stable. 1) What resolves conflict between mutualists over resources and 2) in the presence of less cooperative and / or un-cooperative symbionts, what prevents symbiont populations from becoming dominated by un-cooperative individuals? Many past explanations of mutualism stability have assumed that interactions between mutualists are symmetrical. However, in most mutualisms, interactions between hosts and symbionts show varying degrees of asymmetry at different levels. Here we review three major types of asymmetric interactions within obligate mutualisms: i) asymmetric payoffs, which is also defined as individual power differences, ii) asymmetric potential rates of evolutionary change, and iii) asymmetric information states between hosts and symbionts. We suggest that these asymmetries between mutualists help explain why cooperation and conflict is inherent in the evolution of mutualisms, and why both hosts and symbionts present diversified phenotypes whilst cooperation predominates.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Plant Ecology (JPE) serves as an important medium for ecologists to present research findings and discuss challenging issues in the broad field of plants and their interactions with biotic and abiotic environment. The JPE will cover all aspects of plant ecology, including plant ecophysiology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology and landscape ecology as well as conservation ecology, evolutionary ecology, and theoretical ecology.