History of the Study of Chinese Traditional Architecture in the 20th Century : Specificity of Tang Dynasty Cult Objects

Abstract

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to study Chinese religious buildings in order to identify the specifics of the construction of temple complexes, to reveal the features inherent in ancient temple buildings. The experience of studying temple complexes of the Tang dynasty in the context of historical research in China in the 20th century is analyzed. The monument of Buddhist Tang architecture — Foguang temple is considered. The socio-economic situation in China in the 20th century formed special conditions for the development of institutes, faculties for the study of temple building. The process of adaptation of architects to the new conditions after the Cultural Revolution was not unequivocal, as most of the temple buildings were destroyed. Only a small part of China's history remained imprinted in cult architecture, which had to be studied. As a result of historical research, new sources appear, and previously unstudied temples are introduced into scientific circulation. Among the Chinese architects of the 20th century were real connoisseurs of Chinese culture, who collected unique objects of ancient architecture, which became part of the world cultural heritage. It is concluded that in each historical epoch of temple building had its own distinctive features; temple architecture became a standard of power and might of emperors of this or that period, allowing us today to judge the achievements and knowledge of ancient architects.