Terminology and Mechanisms of Self-Emulsifying Systems for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI:10.1134/S1061933X23600719

Manish Kumar, C. P. Jain, Ajay Kumar Shukla, Garima Verma, Vimal Kumar Yadav

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Abstract

Self-emulsifying systems, such as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), particularly used for enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This review comprehensively examines the terminologies and mechanisms involved in self-emulsifying systems. The complex nature of self-emulsification is elucidated, encompassing diffusion, interfacial phenomena, and thermodynamic considerations. Three main mechanisms are explored in this review: diffusion and stranding, negative free energy for nanoemulsion formation, and the liquid crystalline (LC) phases formation at the interface. Diffusion and stranding cause rapid diffusion of water-miscible components, forming fine emulsion droplets. However, it lacks a clear thermodynamic explanation. Concept of negative free energy provides a thermodynamic explanation, while the formation of LC phases at the interface is an intermediary event during diffusion-driven self-emulsification. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing optimum self-emulsifying formulation for pharmaceutical delivery, food bioactive delivery, and cosmetic applications.

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用于生物医学应用的自乳化系统的术语和机制：全面回顾

摘要自乳化系统，如自乳化给药系统（SEDDS）和自纳米乳化给药系统（SNEDDS），特别用于提高疏水性药物的生物利用度。本综述全面探讨了自乳化系统的术语和相关机制。阐明了自乳化的复杂性质，包括扩散、界面现象和热力学因素。本综述探讨了三种主要机制：扩散和绞合、纳米乳液形成的负自由能以及界面上液晶（LC）相的形成。扩散和绞合会使水溶性成分快速扩散，形成细小的乳液液滴。然而，这缺乏明确的热力学解释。负自由能的概念提供了一种热力学解释，而在界面上形成 LC 相则是扩散驱动自乳化过程中的一个中间事件。了解这些机制对于开发用于药物输送、食品生物活性输送和化妆品应用的最佳自乳化配方至关重要。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.