The identity of the “lion”, Panthera principialis sp. nov., from the Pliocene Tanzanian site of Laetoli and its significance for molecular dating the pantherine phylogeny, with remarks on Panthera shawi (Broom, 1948), and a revision of Puma incurva (Ewer, 1956), the Early Pleistocene Swartkrans “leopard” (Carnivora, Felidae)
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Abstract
Two species of large cats found at the Tanzanian Pliocene australopithecine locality of Laetoli have been controversial since their first description in 1987. A lion-sized form was referred to Panthera onca gombaszoegensis, P. palaeosinensis, P. shawi, P. leo or to a related form, and most recently compared to P. onca. A leopard-sized species was attributed to P. pardus or to Puma pardoides. Accepting the leopard-like form as the oldest evidence of the genus Panthera to calibrate molecular dating, this site started to play an important role in understanding felid evolution. A new discussion of the extremely scanty material now revises the earlier classifications and shows that the Laetoli “lion” is not a lion and the Laetoli “leopard” is not a leopard. There seems to be no doubt that the lion-sized cat is a species of its own, representing an early stage of Panthera intrageneric evolution, the metapopulation around the first node as defined by molecular phylogenetics. Taxonomically it is introduced as Panthera principialis sp. nov. The Early Pleistocene lion-sized cat from the South African sites Bolt’s Farm, Swartkrans and Kromdraai is here attributed species rank, P. shawi, and understood to represent the metapopulation around the lion-leopard evolutionary node. The leopard-sized Laetoli cat qualifies as an early African member of the genus Puma, but it is not the same as the later Early Pleistocene Swartkrans form. The latter, originally described as Panthera pardus incurva, is proposed here to have arisen by introgressive hybridization of an African puma with an early Panthera species and named Puma incurva. The results of this review give definite support for one of competing sets of molecular dating.
期刊介绍：
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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