The Tumor-Associated Calcium Signal Transducer 2 (TACSTD2) oncogene is upregulated in pre-cystic epithelial cells revealing a new target for polycystic kidney disease

Abstract

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an important cause of end stage renal disease, but treatment options are limited. While later stages of the disease have been extensively studied, mechanisms driving the initial conversion of renal tubules into cysts are not understood. To identify factors that promote the initiation of cysts we deleted polycystin-2 (Pkd2) in mice and surveyed transcriptional changes before and immediately after cysts developed. We identified 74 genes which we term cyst initiation candidates (CICs). To identify conserved changes with relevance to human disease we compared these murine CICs to single cell transcriptomic data derived from patients with PKD and from healthy controls. Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Tacstd2) stood out as an epithelial-expressed gene whose levels were elevated prior to cystic transformation and further increased with disease progression. Human tissue biopsies and organoids show that TACSTD2 protein is low in normal kidney cells but is elevated in cyst lining cells. While TACSTD2 has not been studied in PKD, it has been studied in cancer where it is highly expressed in solid tumors while showing minimal expression in normal tissue. This property is being exploited by antibody drug conjugates that target TACSTD2 for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs. Our finding that Tacstd2 is highly expressed in cysts, but not normal tissue, suggests that it should be explored as a candidate for drug development in PKD. More immediately, our work suggests that PKD patients undergoing TACSTD2 treatment for cancer should be monitored for kidney effects.