Beneficial effects on intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in total hip replacement when performed under lumbar epidural anesthesia. An explanatory study.

Abstract

The effects of continuous lumbar epidural anesthesia and two types of general anesthesia on blood loss and hemodynamics during and after total hip replacement were compared in three groups of patients. Fourteen patients received local anesthetics via continuous lumbar epidural administration; 10 patients received inhalational anesthetics and breathed spontaneously after endotracheal intubation; and 14 received artificial ventilation after intubation and intermittent intravenous (i.v.) injections of pancuronium and fentanyl. The results documented that both intraoperative and postoperative blood losses were significantly reduced in patients subjected to total hip replacement under lumbar epidural anesthesia as compared with the patients receiving the two general anesthetic techniques. Hemodynamic differences explained the differences in blood loss. The epidural anesthesia induced hypotension on the arterial and venous sides as compared with the two general anesthetic techniques. Inhalational anesthesia also induced hypotension on the arterial and venous sides intraoperatively as compared with general anesthesia with artificial ventilation. Postoperatively, the hemodynamics of the general anesthesia groups were similar, and no differences in blood loss occurred. Continuous' epidural anesthesia can be viewed as a tool to achieve hypotensive anesthesia--notably on the venous side--for the purpose of minimizing blood loss. The reduction in blood loss associated with lumbar epidural anesthesia is beneficial in decreasing the hazard and cost of blood transfusion.