Effects of Air and CO2 Application within a Strawberry Plant Canopy on Fruit Yield and Dry Matter Production and during Summer and Autumn Culture

Abstract

Strawberries can be categorized into June-bearing and ever-bearing depending on the environmental conditions that determine flower bud initiation. In Japan, the harvest yield and distribution of strawberry fruits during summer and autumn are low because of high temperatures and heavy fruit load. Therefore, cultivation of ever-bearing strawberries is limited to areas with cool summers such as Hokkaido and Tohoku. In this study, we investigated whether air treatment before liquefied carbon dioxide (CO₂) application within the strawberry plant canopy could improve CO₂ absorption efficiency and increase dry matter production. Four treatments were investigated: application of air within the plant canopy, application of CO₂, application of CO₂ after air application, and a control. We investigated the CO₂ concentration, dry matter production, yield characteristics, individual leaf photosynthesis characteristics, projected leaf area, cumulative light interception, light use efficiency, and fruit quality. The results showed that the local application of only CO₂ or Air and, application of CO₂ after air application (Air/CO₂) treatment within the plant canopy considerably increased the dry matter production. Total fruit yield of Air/CO₂ was the highest among all treatments. This is probably because the application of CO₂ and air expanded the leaf area, increased cumulative light interception, and improved light use efficiency. In addition, the photosynthetic rate of Air, CO₂ and Air/CO₂ treatments was higher than that of the control because of higher stomatal conductance. This suggests that local application of liquefied CO₂ after air application can effectively increase fruit yield, and that air treatment will improve plant vigor, further increasing strawberry production in summer and autumn.