Repeated Applications of a Mixture of Gibberellin A3 and 6-benzyladenine Increase the Feather Number on Apple Nursery Trees in the Current Year of Grafting

IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q4 HORTICULTURE
Kazuma Okada, Masato Wada, Taku Shimizu, Shigeki Moriya, Kazuyuki Abe
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Tall Spindle apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) planting system achieves high early and sustained yields and excellent fruit quality. This system requires high-density planting (1,000–1,500 trees/acre) of highly branched (feathered) nursery trees, which increases the total cost of nursery trees purchased. To supply large quantities of highly feathered nursery trees at low prices, the nursery cycle should be shortened to one year. However, it is difficult to naturally obtain one-year-old nursery trees with sufficient feather number and length. Repeated spraying with 6-benzyladenine (BA) has been used as a conventional method to induce feather formation in apple nursery trees. We recently demonstrated that gibberellin A3 (GA3) treatment also increases the feather number on young apple trees. Here, we investigated the effects of GA3 (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 μM) and BA (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg·L−1) combinations on the production of well-feathered trees over a one-year cycle. Among the 16 GA3 and BA combinations, repeated (7 or 9 times) spraying with 1,000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA solution (3 or 5 mL) was the most effective method for producing highly feathered nursery trees of ‘Fuji’/JM7 over a one-year cycle. In two trials, trees treated with 1,000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA had 0.9–1.0-fold greater terminal shoot lengths, 1.5–1.9-fold greater feather numbers (≥ 1 cm), 2.0-fold greater feather numbers (≥ 5–< 50 cm), 1.1–1.2-fold greater feather lengths, and 0.9-fold greater trunk diameters than those treated with 300 mg·L−1 BA (conventional method). The feathers of trees treated with 1,000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA were predominantly 1–30 cm long (≥ 94.5%), and only few large feathers were observed. Thus, compared with the conventional method, treatment with 1,000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA facilitated the production of highly feathered nursery trees over a one-year cycle. It also reduced the time and labor cost required to obtain a large number of well-branched nursery trees needed for high-density plantings such as in the Tall Spindle system.

重复施用赤霉素A3和6-苄基腺嘌呤可增加当年苹果苗木嫁接羽毛数
高梭形苹果(Malus × domestica Borkh.)种植系统实现了高的早期和持续产量和优良的果实品质。该系统需要高密度种植(1,000-1,500棵/英亩)高分枝(羽毛)苗木,这增加了购买苗木的总成本。为了以较低的价格供应大量高羽状苗木,苗圃周期应缩短至一年。然而,很难自然获得具有足够羽毛数量和长度的一年生苗木。6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA)反复喷施是诱导苹果苗木羽毛形成的常规方法。我们最近证明,赤霉素A3 (GA3)处理也增加了幼树的羽毛数。在这里,我们研究了GA3(0、100、500和1000 μM)和BA(0、75、150和300 mg·L−1)组合在一年周期内对长羽树木产量的影响。在16个GA3和BA组合中,1000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA溶液(3或5 mL)重复喷洒(7或9次)是富士/JM7高羽苗木的最有效方法。在两个试验中,用1000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA处理的树木,其顶枝长度增加0.9 - 1.0倍,羽毛数增加1.5 - 1.9倍(≥1 cm),羽毛数增加2.0倍(≥5 -<与300 mg·L−1 BA(常规方法)处理相比,羽毛长度增加1.1 - 1.2倍,躯干直径增加0.9倍。在1000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA处理下,树木的羽毛长度以1 ~ 30 cm为主(≥94.5%),只有少数大羽毛。因此,与传统方法相比,1000 μM GA3 + 300 mg·L−1 BA处理有利于在一年的周期内产生高羽状苗木。它还减少了获得高密度种植所需的大量分支良好的苗木所需的时间和人工成本,例如在Tall Spindle系统中。
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来源期刊
Horticulture Journal
Horticulture Journal HORTICULTURE-
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
8.30%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: The Horticulture Journal (Hort. J.), which has been renamed from the Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science (JJSHS) since 2015, has been published with the primary objective of enhancing access to research information offered by the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, which was founded for the purpose of advancing research and technology related to the production, distribution, and processing of horticultural crops. Since the first issue of JJSHS in 1925, Hort. J./JJSHS has been central to the publication of study results from researchers of an extensive range of horticultural crops, including fruit trees, vegetables, and ornamental plants. The journal is highly regarded overseas as well, and is ranked equally with journals of European and American horticultural societies.
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