Increasing the intensity of regeneration treatments decreased beta diversity of temperate hardwood forest understory 20 years after disturbance

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Romain Jaeger, Sylvain Delagrange, Isabelle Aubin, Gilles Joanisse, Patricia Raymond, David Rivest
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Context

In temperate hardwood forests, increased intensity of soil and canopy disturbances tends to increase species richness due to the establishment of numerous early-successional plant species. However, while competitive pioneer species from early stages of succession can become recalcitrant and alter patterns of natural regeneration, very few studies have examined longer-term effects of these treatments on plant biodiversity.

Aims

In this study, we investigated mid-term (ca. 20 years) effects of different regeneration treatments with varying soil and canopy disturbance intensities. We compared understory plant communities in temperate hardwood forests from all the South of Quebec (Canada).

Methods

Using circular experimental plots of 1962.5 m2 (radius = 25 m), we measured taxonomic and functional diversity indices and soil properties using four levels of disturbance intensity in six temperate hardwood forests of Quebec distributed along a longitudinal gradient. Reference forests, i.e. control forests with no silvicultural treatment known for ≥ 80 years, were compared to 20-year-old single-tree selection cuts, group-selection cuts and group-selection cuts with soil scarification.

Results

Species richness in both group-selection treatments was higher than that in reference forests. Plant equitability and beta diversity among sites in both group-selection treatments were lower than in single-tree selection cuts and control forests. More intense treatments contributed to the mid-term persistence of recalcitrant competitor species (e.g. Rubus idaeus L., Prunus pensylvanica L.f.) whereas soil scarification appears to have negative sustained effects on species known to be sensitive to regeneration treatments (e.g. Monotropa uniflora L., Dryopteris spinulosa Kuhn).

Conclusions

In temperate hardwood forests of Southern Quebec, silvicultural treatments of higher intensities resulted in detrimental effects on soil properties, especially in the surface horizon, 20 years after disturbance. This legacy, in turn, affected the composition and diversity of understory plant communities. The more intense silvicultural treatments contributed to the persistence of pioneer species better adapted to a wider range of environmental conditions and resulted in a decrease in understory plant community heterogeneity among sites. Conversely, single-tree selection cutting appeared to be the most appropriate silvicultural treatment for maintaining soil functions and heterogeneity of understory plant communities after 20 years; composition and structure being similar to long-undisturbed forests.

Abstract Image

干扰后20年,增加更新处理强度降低了温带阔叶林林下的β多样性
在温带阔叶林中,土壤和冠层扰动强度的增加往往会增加物种丰富度,这是由于许多早期演替植物物种的建立。然而,尽管来自演替早期阶段的竞争性先驱物种可能变得难以抗拒并改变自然再生的模式,但很少有研究调查这些处理对植物生物多样性的长期影响。目的研究不同土壤和冠层扰动强度下不同再生处理的中期(约20年)效应。我们比较了加拿大魁北克南部所有温带阔叶林的林下植物群落。方法在加拿大魁北克省6个温带阔叶林的1962.5 m2(半径为25 m)圆形试验地上,采用4种干扰强度测量了土壤的分类、功能多样性指数和土壤性质。对照林,即已知≥80年未进行造林处理的对照林,与20年单树选择性采伐、群体选择性采伐和群体选择性采伐进行比较。结果两组选择处理的物种丰富度均高于对照林。两组选择处理的样地间植物公平度和多样性均低于单树选择采伐林和对照林。较强的处理有助于抗性竞争物种(如Rubus idaeus L., Prunus pensylvanica L.f.)的中期持续,而土壤侵蚀似乎对已知对再生处理敏感的物种(如Monotropa uniflora L., Dryopteris spinulosa Kuhn)有负面的持续影响。结论在魁北克南部温带阔叶林中,高强度的造林处理在扰动后20年内对土壤性质产生了不利影响,尤其是表层土壤。这种遗产反过来又影响了林下植物群落的组成和多样性。造林强度越高,先锋物种的持久性越强,适应的环境条件越广,立地间林下植物群落异质性越低。相反,单树选择采伐是维持土壤功能和林下植物群落异质性的最适宜的造林处理;与长期未受干扰的森林相似的成分和结构。
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来源期刊
Annals of Forest Science
Annals of Forest Science 农林科学-林学
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
3.30%
发文量
45
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Annals of Forest Science is an official publication of the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) -Up-to-date coverage of current developments and trends in forest research and forestry Topics include ecology and ecophysiology, genetics and improvement, tree physiology, wood quality, and silviculture -Formerly known as Annales des Sciences Forestières -Biology of trees and associated organisms (symbionts, pathogens, pests) -Forest dynamics and ecosystem processes under environmental or management drivers (ecology, genetics) -Risks and disturbances affecting forest ecosystems (biology, ecology, economics) -Forestry wood chain (tree breeding, forest management and productivity, ecosystem services, silviculture and plantation management) -Wood sciences (relationships between wood structure and tree functions, and between forest management or environment and wood properties)
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