Possible stellar asterisms carved on a protohistoric stone

IF 1.1 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Astronomische Nachrichten Pub Date : 2023-11-22 DOI:10.1002/asna.20220108

Paolo Molaro, Federico Bernardini

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Chisel marks on a stone uncovered in Rupinpiccolo protohistoric hill fort from north-eastern Italy were suggested to be a representation of the night sky (Bernardini et al. 2022 Documenta Praehistorica XLIX). The patterns of the 29 marks are analyzed here to establish if they reproduce popular stellar asterisms. Nine marks are found to match the Tail of Scorpius and five the Orion's Belt, together with Rigel and Betelgeuse. Nine marks are found in the approximate position of the Pleiades showing some match with the cluster members. On the back side, 5 marks possibly reproduce Cassiopeia. One mark slightly North of Orion cannot be identified. The 28 marks show a Pearson correlation coefficient

r $$ r $$

(28) with stellar positions higher than 0.99 with a probability

p $$ p $$

of a wrong correlation lower than 0.001. Departures are about one degree, or about 7 mm, as the mean diameter of the marks, which suggests a manufacturing limitation in the charting. The fort dates

\approx $$ \approx $$

1800–400 BCE when Scorpius and Orion showed about the same orientation at the heliacal rising. The unidentified mark challenges the whole picture. We suggest it could have been the progenitor of a failed supernova, thus offering also the possibility of a verification.

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刻在史前石头上的可能的恒星

在意大利东北部鲁平皮科洛原历史山堡发现的一块石头上的凿痕被认为是夜空的代表(Bernardini等人，2022年文献展史前文献XLIX)。这里分析了29个标记的图案，以确定它们是否复制了常见的恒星。9个标记与天蝎座的尾巴相匹配，5个与猎户座的腰带相匹配，还有参宿七和参宿四。在昴宿星团的大致位置发现了九个标记，表明它们与星团成员有一定的匹配。背面有5个标记，可能是仙后座。猎户座稍北的一个标记无法识别。28个标记表明，恒星位置的Pearson相关系数r $$ r $$(28)高于0.99，错误相关的概率p $$ p $$低于0.001。偏差约为1度，即约7毫米，作为标记的平均直径，这表明图表中的制造限制。这座堡垒的年代约为$$ \approx $$公元前1800-400年，当时天蝎座和猎户座在日出时呈现出相同的方向。这个未知的标记挑战了整个画面。我们认为它可能是一颗失败的超新星的前身，从而也提供了验证的可能性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Astronomische Nachrichten 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

11.10%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Astronomische Nachrichten, founded in 1821 by H. C. Schumacher, is the oldest astronomical journal worldwide still being published. Famous astronomical discoveries and important papers on astronomy and astrophysics published in more than 300 volumes of the journal give an outstanding representation of the progress of astronomical research over the last 180 years. Today, Astronomical Notes/ Astronomische Nachrichten publishes articles in the field of observational and theoretical astrophysics and related topics in solar-system and solar physics. Additional, papers on astronomical instrumentation ground-based and space-based as well as papers about numerical astrophysical techniques and supercomputer modelling are covered. Papers can be completed by short video sequences in the electronic version. Astronomical Notes/ Astronomische Nachrichten also publishes special issues of meeting proceedings.