Pathogenesis and treatment progress in age-related hearing loss: a literature review.

Abstract

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a progressive sensorineural hearing loss caused by age. The pathogenesis of ARHL is not completely clear at present, but it is closely related to auditory nerve degeneration, metabolic disorders, vitamin deficiency, and genetics, especially mitochondrial DNA damage. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in our country, the impact of environmental noise is increasing, and ARHL has become one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly in our country. Therefore, hearing intervention for patients with ARHL plays a crucial role in improving their quality of life. At present, the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants are the main means to treat the daily hearing difficulties and communication difficulties of patients with ARHL. However, in China, due to the economy, the concept of not wanting to treat the elderly, and other reasons, the hearing aid wearing rate compared to developed countries has significant differences. Cochlear implant is another option for patients with presbyacusis, and patients can obtain good hearing and speech recognition rate after surgery. At present, there is no definitive conclusion on whether the quality of life of patients after cochlear implantation has been improved, and this study will be reviewed based on previous relevant reports.