The unregulated nature of the commercial captive predator industry in South Africa: Insights gained using the PAIA process

Louise de Waal, Catherine Jakins, Stephanie E. Klarmann, Jennah Green, Neil D’Cruze
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Abstract

 South Africa has allowed the commercial captive breeding and trade of African lions (Panthera leo) and other large felids since the 1990s. However, publicly available information to quantify the extent and nature of this industry, as well as insight into the diversity of relevant provincial nature conservation statutes, are lacking. Our study reviewed the provincial regulations that govern the captive predator industry in South Africa and used the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) to obtain records held by the nine provincial departments regulating the captive breeding, keeping, and trade of large felids. The information obtained through the PAIA process was highly inconsistent across provincial borders, demonstrated the absence of standard operating procedures, and highlighted the convoluted and decentralised permitting systems. The research postulates that varying and sometimes conflicting provincial regulations can lead to further exploitation of legal loopholes and unregulated growth of the industry. In addition, provincial resources are inadequate for authorities to carry out their fundamental mandates of nature conservation. Although the PAIA process was challenging, the information received provided valuable insight into the unregulated nature of this industry and demonstrated major concerns in addressing the necessary challenges associated with animal welfare. Furthermore, with more than half of the PAIA requests either refused, rejected or ignored, the true magnitude and nature of South Africa’s commercial captive predator industry cannot be accurately quantified. The evidence from this study supports the notion of transitioning away from the commercial captive predator breeding industry, as intended by the South African government.
The南非商业圈养捕食者行业的不受管制性质:使用PAIA过程获得的见解
South自20世纪90年代以来,非洲已经允许非洲狮(Panthera leo)和其他大型猫科动物的商业圈养繁殖和贸易。然而,量化这一行业的规模和性质的公开信息,以及对相关省级自然保护法规多样性的深入了解,都是缺乏的。本研究回顾了南非管理圈养捕食者产业的省级法规,并利用《促进信息获取法》(PAIA)获取了9个省级部门管理大型猫科动物的圈养繁殖、饲养和交易的记录。通过PAIA程序获得的信息在各省边界之间极不一致,表明缺乏标准作业程序,并突出了复杂和分散的许可制度。研究认为,不同的、有时相互冲突的省级法规可能导致进一步利用法律漏洞和不受监管的行业增长。此外,省级资源不足以使当局执行其保护自然的基本任务。尽管PAIA程序具有挑战性,但收到的信息提供了对该行业不受监管性质的宝贵见解,并表明了在解决与动物福利相关的必要挑战方面的主要关注。此外,由于超过一半的paaia请求要么被拒绝,要么被拒绝,要么被忽视,南非商业圈养捕食者产业的真实规模和性质无法准确量化。这项研究的证据支持从商业圈养捕食者养殖业过渡的概念,正如南非政府所打算的那样。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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