The effects of powerlines on bustards: how best to mitigate, how best to monitor?

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
João Paulo Silva, Ana Teresa Marques, Joana Bernardino, Tris Allinson, Yuri Andryushchenko, Sutirtha Dutta, Mimi Kessler, Ricardo C. Martins, Francisco Moreira, John Pallett, Mattheuns D. Pretorius, H. Ann Scott, Jessica M. Shaw, Nigel J. Collar
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Bustards comprise a highly threatened family of birds and, being relatively fast, heavy fliers with very limited frontal visual fields, are particularly susceptible to mortality at powerlines. These infrastructures can also displace them from immediately adjacent habitat and act as barriers, fragmenting their ranges. With geographically ever wider energy transmission and distribution grids, the powerline threat to bustards is constantly growing. Reviewing the published and unpublished literature up to January 2021, we found 2,774 records of bustard collision with powerlines, involving 14 species. Some studies associate powerline collisions with population declines. To avoid mortalities, the most effective solution is to bury the lines; otherwise they should be either routed away from bustard-frequented areas, or made redundant by local energy generation. When possible, new lines should run parallel to existing structures and wires should preferably be as low and thick as possible, with minimal conductor obstruction of vertical airspace, although it should be noted that these measures require additional testing. A review of studies finds limited evidence that ‘bird flight diverters’ (BFDs; devices fitted to wires to induce evasive action) achieve significant reductions in mortality for some bustard species. Nevertheless, dynamic BFDs are preferable to static ones as they are thought to perform more effectively. Rigorous evaluation of powerline mortalities, and effectiveness of mitigation measures, need systematic carcass surveys and bias corrections. Whenever feasible, assessments of displacement and barrier effects should be undertaken. Following best practice guidelines proposed with this review paper to monitor impacts and mitigation could help build a reliable body of evidence on best ways to prevent bustard mortality at powerlines. Research should focus on validating mitigation measures and quantifying, particularly for threatened bustards, the population effects of powerline grids at the national scale, to account for cumulative impacts on bustards and establish an equitable basis for compensation measures.

电力线对鸨的影响:如何最好地减轻,如何最好地监测?
鸨鸟是一种受到高度威胁的鸟类,它们飞行速度较快,重量较大,前部视野非常有限,特别容易在电力线上死亡。这些基础设施也可能使它们远离邻近的栖息地,并成为障碍,分散它们的活动范围。随着地理上能源传输和配电网的不断扩大,对鸨的电力线威胁也在不断增加。回顾截至2021年1月的已发表和未发表的文献,我们发现了2774起鸨与电力线相撞的记录,涉及14个物种。一些研究将电力线碰撞与人口减少联系起来。为了避免死亡,最有效的解决办法是埋线;否则,它们要么应该远离鸨鸟频繁出没的地区,要么应该被当地的能源生产所取代。在可能的情况下,新线路应与现有结构平行,电线应尽可能低而粗,尽量减少导体对垂直空域的阻碍,但需要注意的是,这些措施需要额外的测试。一项研究综述发现,有限的证据表明,“鸟类飞行分流器”(bfd;安装在电线上的装置(诱导躲避行动)大大降低了某些鸨类的死亡率。然而,动态bfd比静态bfd更可取,因为它们被认为执行得更有效。严格评估电力线死亡率和缓解措施的有效性,需要系统的胴体调查和偏差纠正。只要可行,就应评估流离失所和屏障的影响。遵循本审查文件中提出的监测影响和减轻影响的最佳做法准则,可以帮助建立可靠的证据体系,找到防止电力线上鸨死亡的最佳方法。研究应侧重于验证缓解措施,并在国家范围内量化电力线电网对鸨的种群影响,特别是对受威胁的鸨,以说明对鸨的累积影响,并为补偿措施建立公平的基础。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
50
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Bird Conservation International is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that seeks to promote worldwide research and action for the conservation of birds and the habitats upon which they depend. The official journal of BirdLife International, it provides stimulating, international and up-to-date coverage of a broad range of conservation topics, using birds to illuminate wider issues of biodiversity, conservation and sustainable resource use. It publishes original papers and reviews, including targeted articles and recommendations by leading experts.
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