Perceptions of the COVID-19 Vaccine and Other Adult Vaccinations in Malawi: A Qualitative Assessment.

IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Natalie Tibbels, Rominie Kaseghe, Alvin Blessings Chisambi, Vitima Ndovi, Alfred Mang'ando, Maria Elena Figueroa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In Malawi, various brands of the COVID-19 vaccine have been offered to the population, but factors including fear of side effects or other risks, uncertainty about benefits, and misinformation created hesitancy toward them. In early 2022, 4% of Malawians were fully vaccinated for COVID-19. Despite multiple promotion efforts, by August 2022, COVID-19 vaccination nationwide was around 15%. To increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake, the research team collected qualitative data in 4 districts with vaccine coverage levels ranging from 1% to 11%. This data collection happened during a cholera outbreak that began in March 2022 and the vaccination efforts to address it. Study participants included male and female members of the general population, social workers, people with comorbidities, health workers, and community leaders (224 participants total, 47% female). In focus group discussions (n=27) and in-depth interviews (n=17), participants compared COVID-19 vaccines with other adult vaccines, such as cholera and tetanus toxoid. A thematic analysis identified themes related to 3 research questions on COVID-19 vaccine concerns, confidence, and delivery affecting uptake. Differences in promotion, delivery (oral versus injection), COVID-19 vaccine card structure, the various brands and boosters, and vaccines being described as required or optional all played a role in distinguishing COVID-19 vaccines from other vaccines and creating suspicion or indifference. Barriers to vaccination in general, such as rumors or knowledge gaps, were amplified by how novel the COVID-19 vaccines were perceived to be and the changing guidance provided over time. By April 2023, more targeted campaign efforts helped increase vaccination rates to 28%. The findings contribute information about how individuals conceptualize and make decisions about adult vaccination, which can, in turn, inform strategies to integrate COVID-19 promotion and delivery with other disease responses in Malawi as well as routine health services in similar settings.

对马拉维COVID-19疫苗和其他成人疫苗的看法:定性评估。
在马拉维,已经向民众提供了各种品牌的COVID-19疫苗,但对副作用或其他风险的恐惧、对益处的不确定以及错误信息等因素导致人们对这些疫苗犹豫不决。2022年初,4%的马拉维人接种了COVID-19疫苗。尽管进行了多次推广,但到2022年8月,全国COVID-19疫苗接种率约为15%。为了提高COVID-19疫苗接种率,研究小组收集了疫苗覆盖率从1%到11%不等的4个地区的定性数据。这一数据收集发生在2022年3月开始的霍乱疫情和应对霍乱的疫苗接种工作期间。研究参与者包括普通人群中的男性和女性成员、社会工作者、合并症患者、卫生工作者和社区领导人(共224名参与者,其中47%为女性)。在焦点小组讨论(n=27)和深度访谈(n=17)中,参与者将COVID-19疫苗与其他成人疫苗(如霍乱和破伤风类毒素)进行了比较。专题分析确定了与COVID-19疫苗关注、信心和交付影响吸收的3个研究问题相关的主题。在推广、交付(口服与注射)、COVID-19疫苗卡结构、不同品牌和增强剂、以及疫苗被描述为必需或可选等方面的差异,都在将COVID-19疫苗与其他疫苗区分开来、造成怀疑或冷漠方面发挥了作用。由于人们对COVID-19疫苗的新认识以及随着时间的推移所提供的指导不断变化,谣言或知识空白等普遍存在的疫苗接种障碍被放大。到2023年4月,更有针对性的运动努力将疫苗接种率提高到28%。研究结果提供了有关个人如何对成人疫苗接种进行概念化和决策的信息,这反过来又可以为将COVID-19的宣传和提供与马拉维的其他疾病应对措施以及类似环境中的常规卫生服务相结合的战略提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Global Health: Science and Practice
Global Health: Science and Practice Medicine-Health Policy
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
7.50%
发文量
178
审稿时长
22 weeks
期刊介绍: Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP) is a no-fee, open-access, peer-reviewed, online journal aimed to improve health practice, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Our goal is to reach those who design, implement, manage, evaluate, and otherwise support health programs. We are especially interested in advancing knowledge on practical program implementation issues, with information on what programs entail and how they are implemented. GHSP is currently indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, POPLINE, EBSCO, SCOPUS,. the Web of Science Emerging Sources Citation Index, and the USAID Development Experience Clearinghouse (DEC). TOPICS: Issued four times a year, GHSP will include articles on all global health topics, covering diverse programming models and a wide range of cross-cutting issues that impact and support health systems. Examples include but are not limited to: Health: Addiction and harm reduction, Child Health, Communicable and Emerging Diseases, Disaster Preparedness and Response, Environmental Health, Family Planning/Reproductive Health, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Maternal Health, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases/Injuries, Nutrition, Tuberculosis, Water and Sanitation. Cross-Cutting Issues: Epidemiology, Gender, Health Communication/Healthy Behavior, Health Policy and Advocacy, Health Systems, Human Resources/Training, Knowledge Management, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Management and Governance, mHealth/eHealth/digital health, Monitoring and Evaluation, Scale Up, Youth.
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