Capture and transport of white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) cause shifts in their fecal microbiota composition towards dysbiosis.

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Conservation Physiology Pub Date : 2023-11-24 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1093/conphys/coad089

Friederike Pohlin, Carolin Frei, Leith C R Meyer, Franz-Ferdinand Roch, Narciso M Quijada, Beate Conrady, Viktoria Neubauer, Markus Hofmeyr, Dave Cooper, Gabrielle Stalder, Stefanie U Wetzels

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Translocations of Rhinocerotidae are commonly performed for conservation purposes but expose the animals to a variety of stressors (e.g. prolonged fasting, confinement, novel environment, etc.). Stress may change the composition of gut microbiota, which can impact animal health and welfare. White rhinoceroses in particular can develop anorexia, diarrhea and enterocolitis after translocation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of age, sex and translocation on the rhinoceros' fecal bacterial microbiota composition. fecal samples were collected from rhinoceroses at capture (n = 16) and after a >30-hour road transport (n = 7). DNA was isolated from these samples and submitted for 16S rRNA V3-V4 phylotyping. Alpha diversity indices of the rhinoceros' fecal microbiota composition of different age, sex and before and after transport were compared using non-parametric statistical tests and beta diversity indices using Permutational Multivariate Analysis Of Variance (PERMANOVA). Resulting P-values were alpha-corrected (Padj.). Alpha and beta diversity did not differ between rhinoceroses of different age and sex. However, there was a significant difference in beta diversity between fecal samples collected from adult animals at capture and after transport. The most abundant bacterial phyla in samples collected at capture were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (85.76%), represented by Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae families. The phyla Proteobacteria (Padj. = 0.009) and Actinobacteria (Padj. = 0.012), amongst others, increased in relative abundance from capture to after transport encompassing potentially pathogenic bacterial families such as Enterobacteriaceae (Padj. = 0.018) and Pseudomonadaceae (Padj. = 0.022). Important commensals such as Spirochaetes (Padj. = 0.009), Fibrobacteres (Padj. = 0.018) and Lachnospiraceae (Padj. = 0.021) decreased in relative abundance. These results indicate that the stressors associated with capture and transport cause an imbalanced fecal microbiota composition in white rhinoceroses that may lead to potentially infectious intestinal disorders. This imbalance may result from recrudescence of normally innocuous pathogens, increased shedding of pathogens or increased vulnerability to new pathogens.

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捕获和运输白犀牛(Ceratotherium simum)导致其粪便微生物群组成转向生态失调。

犀牛科的易位通常是出于保护目的而进行的，但会使动物暴露于各种压力源(例如长时间禁食、禁闭、新环境等)。应激可能改变肠道菌群的组成，从而影响动物的健康和福利。尤其是白犀牛，易位后会出现厌食、腹泻和小肠结肠炎。本研究的目的是调查年龄、性别和易位对犀牛粪便细菌微生物群组成的影响。在捕获时(n = 16)和30小时以上公路运输后(n = 7)采集犀牛粪便样本。从这些样本中分离DNA并提交16S rRNA V3-V4系统分型。采用非参数统计检验比较不同年龄、性别和运输前后犀牛粪便微生物群组成的α多样性指数，采用置换多元方差分析(Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance, PERMANOVA)比较β多样性指数。得到的p值经alpha校正(Padj.)。α和β多样性在不同年龄和性别的犀牛之间没有差异。然而，捕获时和运输后收集的成年动物粪便样本在β多样性方面存在显著差异。捕获时采集的细菌门类以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)最多(85.76%)，以毛螺科(Lachnospiraceae)、瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)和普氏菌科(Prevotellaceae)为代表。变形菌门(Padj。= 0.009)和放线菌(Padj。= 0.012)，其中，从捕获到运输后的相对丰度增加，包括潜在的致病性细菌科，如肠杆菌科(Padj。= 0.018)和假单胞菌科(Padj。= 0.022)。重要的共生体，如螺旋体。= 0.009);= 0.018)和毛螺科(Padj。= 0.021)相对丰度下降。这些结果表明，与捕获和运输相关的应激源导致白犀牛粪便微生物群组成不平衡，可能导致潜在的传染性肠道疾病。这种不平衡可能是由于通常无害的病原体的复发，病原体的脱落增加或对新病原体的易感性增加。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Conservation Physiology Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

3.70%

发文量

审稿时长

11 weeks

期刊介绍： Conservation Physiology is an online only, fully open access journal published on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Biodiversity across the globe faces a growing number of threats associated with human activities. Conservation Physiology will publish research on all taxa (microbes, plants and animals) focused on understanding and predicting how organisms, populations, ecosystems and natural resources respond to environmental change and stressors. Physiology is considered in the broadest possible terms to include functional and mechanistic responses at all scales. We also welcome research towards developing and refining strategies to rebuild populations, restore ecosystems, inform conservation policy, and manage living resources. We define conservation physiology broadly and encourage potential authors to contact the editorial team if they have any questions regarding the remit of the journal.