Upper and lower airway interactions in children.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 ALLERGY

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000960

Fernando M de Benedictis

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: The aim of the present review was to highlight the interactions between rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and asthma in children and to discuss the most relevant scientific progresses in the pathophysiology and treatment of these combined conditions.

Recent findings: Advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between upper and lower airways have provided valuable insights into the role of eosinophils in the pathophysiology of inflammatory events and have further delineated the concept of united airway disease. Studies addressed to evaluate the burden of sinonasal system on asthma outcomes showed a parallel severity of upper and lower airway diseases. Histopathology of sinonasal tissue in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is different in adults and children. Targeted administration of biological agents represents an effective treatment in patients with severe uncontrolled asthma, but specific trials are awaited in children with chronic sinonasal disease.

Summary: Allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis are important comorbidities in patients with asthma. Improved knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation and remodelling in the sinonasal system and the lung has led to new therapeutic approaches in patients with united airway disease and opened interesting perspectives for personalized drug therapies.

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儿童上呼吸道和下呼吸道相互作用。

综述目的:本综述的目的是强调儿童鼻炎、鼻窦炎和哮喘之间的相互作用，并讨论这些联合疾病的病理生理和治疗方面最相关的科学进展。最近的发现:在理解上、下气道之间关系的机制方面取得的进展，为嗜酸性粒细胞在炎症事件的病理生理学中的作用提供了有价值的见解，并进一步描述了联合气道疾病的概念。评估鼻窦系统负担对哮喘结果的影响的研究表明，上呼吸道和下呼吸道疾病的严重程度相似。慢性鼻窦炎患者的鼻组织病理学在成人和儿童是不同的。生物制剂的靶向给药是严重不受控制哮喘患者的有效治疗方法，但慢性鼻窦炎患儿的特异性试验尚待进行。摘要:变应性鼻炎和鼻窦炎是哮喘患者重要的合并症。对鼻窦系统和肺部炎症和重塑的致病机制的进一步了解，为联合气道疾病患者提供了新的治疗方法，并为个性化药物治疗开辟了有趣的前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 医学-过敏

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.60%

发文量

109

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： This reader-friendly, bimonthly resource provides a powerful, broad-based perspective on the most important advances from throughout the world literature. Featuring renowned guest editors and focusing exclusively on one to three topics, every issue of Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology delivers unvarnished, expert assessments of developments from the previous year. Insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews cover key subjects such as upper airway disease; mechanisms of allergy and adult asthma; paediatric asthma and development of atopy; food and drug allergies; and immunotherapy.